An anorectic or anorexia is a drug that reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. Instead, appetite stimulants are referred to as orexigenic.
The terms are (from the Greek ?? - (an-) = "without" and ?????? (ÃÆ'³rexis) = "appetite"), and the like drugs also known as anorexigenic , anorexiaant , or appetite suppressant .
Video Anorectic
Histori
Used clinically short term to treat obesity, some appetite suppressants are also available without a prescription. The most common natural appetite suppressant is based on Hoodia , a genus of 13 species in the Apocynaceae flowering plant family, under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Some appetite suppressants are based on a mixture of natural ingredients, mostly using green tea as a base, in combination with other plant extracts such as fucoxanthin, found naturally in seaweed. These class medications are often stimulants of the phenethylamine family, associated with amphetamines (informally known as speed ).
The German and Finnish armies issued amphetamines to the army in general to increase warfare during the Second World War. After the war, amphetamines were diverted for use in the civilian market. Indeed, amphetamine itself was sold commercially as an appetite suppressant until it was banned in most of the world in the late 1950s due to security concerns. Many amphetamines produce side effects, including addiction, tachycardia, and hypertension, so long-term use without harmful supervision.
Maps Anorectic
Public health issues
Fatal pulmonary hypertension epidemics and heart valve damage associated with pharmaceutical anorectic agents have led to product withdrawal from the market. This was the case with aminorex in the 1960s, and again in the 1990s with fenfluramine ( see: Fen-phen). Likewise, the phenylpropanolamine appetite suppressant association linked to hemorrhagic stroke led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to request its withdrawal from the US market in 2000, and similar concerns about ephedrine resulted in an FDA ban on inclusion in supplemental diet in 2004. A federal judge later canceled this ban in 2005 during a challenge by Nutraceuticals supplement maker. It is also arguable whether the ephedrine ban is more related to its use as a precursor in the manufacture of methamphetamine than health problems with the substance.
Non-pharmacological alternatives
The effect of water weight loss has been the target of several scientific studies. Drinking water before meals can help suppress appetite. Consumption of 500 mL (about 17 flz) of water 30 minutes before meals has been correlated with simple weight loss (1-2 kg) in obese men and women over a period of 8 to 12 weeks.
Anorectical list
Many pharmaceutical compounds are marketed as appetite suppressants.
The following medications are listed as "central acting antiobesity preparations" in the Anatomical Chemical Therapeutic Classification System:
- Amfepramone (also known as diethylpropion)
- Bupropion and naltrexone (combination)
- Cathine
- Clobenzorex
- Dexfenfluramine ( D -enansiomer fenfluramine, withdrawn for the same reason as the racemate)
- Ephedrine (combination)
- Ethylamethetamine
- Fenfluramine (one of the two components [the other is phentermine] Fen-phen Since its discontinued potential causes valvulopathies and pulmonary hypertension)
- Lorcaserin
- Mazindol
- Mefenorex
- Phentermine
- Sibutramine (in some countries withdrawn from the market due to concerns about its cardiovascular effects)
The following are listed as appetite suppressors by MeSH, index of medical journal articles and books.
- Benfluorex
- Butenolide
- Diethylpropion
- FG-7142
- Phenmetrazine (pulled in some countries due to the dangers of addiction)
- Phentermine
- Phenylpropanolamine
- Pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine
- Sibutramine
Other compounds with known appetite suppressant activity include:
- Amphetamine sulfate (also known as amfetamine) - USFDA-approved for the treatment of exogenous obesity under the brand name "Evekeo".
- Cocaine
- Methamphetamine hydrochloride - USFDA-approved for the treatment of obesity (as short-term) under the brand name "Desoxyn".
References
See also
- Anti-obesity drugs
External links
- Anorectics at the US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Mitchell, Kari (January 1997). "Anorexiaant Agent: Considerations for Use" (PDF) . Drug Therapy Topics . University of Washington Medical Center . Retrieved December 25 2013 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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