Zero-energy building

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A zero-energy building , also known as zero clean energy ( ZNE ) builds, zero-net energy development ( NZEB ), or net zero building , is a building with net energy consumption of zero, which means the total amount of energy used by buildings on an annual basis is more or less the same for the amount of renewable energy created on the site, or in other definitions by renewable energy sources elsewhere. These buildings consequently contribute less total greenhouse gases to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They sometimes consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Similar concepts approved and implemented by the EU and other agreed countries are almost Zero Energy Building ( nZEB ), with the aim of having all buildings in the area below the standard nZEB by 2020.

Most zero net energy buildings get half or more of their energy from the grid, and return the same amount at other times. Buildings that produce energy surpluses throughout the year can be called "energy-plus buildings" and buildings that consume slightly more energy than they produce are called "near-zero energy buildings" or "ultra-low energy homes".

Traditional buildings consume 40% of total fossil fuel energy in the US and EU and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases. The principle of net energy consumption of zero is seen as a means to reduce carbon emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels and even though zero-energy buildings remain uncommon even in developed countries, they are increasingly important and popular.

Most zero energy buildings use electricity networks for energy storage but some do not depend on the grid. Energy is usually harvested in place through energy-producing technologies such as solar and wind, while reducing overall energy use with HVAC and highly efficient lighting technologies. The goal of zero energy becomes more practical as the cost of alternative energy technologies decreases and the cost of traditional fossil fuels increases.

The development of modern zero-energy buildings becomes possible not only through the advances made in new energy and construction technologies and techniques but has also been significantly increased by academic research, which collects proper energy performance data on traditional and experimental buildings and provides parameter performance for advanced computer models to predict the efficacy of engineering designs. Building zero energy can be part of a smart network. Some of the advantages of this building are as follows:

• Integration of renewable energy resources
• Integration of plug-in electric vehicles - called vehicle-to-grid
• Application of the zero-energy concept

The net null concept applies to various resources because of the many options for producing and conserving resources in buildings (eg energy, water, waste). Energy is the first targeted resource because it is highly managed, is expected to continue to be more efficient, and the ability to distribute and allocate it will increase disaster resilience.

Video Zero-energy building

Definition

Despite sharing the name "zero clean energy", there are several definitions of the meaning of the term in practice, with certain differences in use between North America and Europe.

Zero net site energy usage

In this type ZNE, the amount of energy provided by renewable energy sources at the site is equal to the amount of energy used by the building. In the United States, "zero net energy building" generally refers to this type of building.

Zero net energy usage

This ZNE produces the same amount of energy as used, including the energy used to transport energy to the building. This type is responsible for energy loss during power generation and transmission. These ZNEs should generate more electricity than zero clean energy building sites.

zero energy emission

Outside the United States and Canada, ZEB is generally defined as one with zero net energy emissions, also known as zero carbon building or zero emissions building. Under this definition, carbon emissions resulting from the use of fossil fuels at the site or offsite are offset by the amount of renewable energy production at the site. Other definitions include not only carbon emissions generated by buildings used, but also those generated in building construction and energy contained in the structure. Others debate whether carbon emissions from commuters to and from buildings should also be included in the calculations. New jobs in New Zealand have embarked on an approach to include building user transport energy within a zero-energy development framework.

Net zero cost

In this type of building, the cost of purchasing energy is offset by revenue from the sale of electricity to the locally generated power grid. Such a status depends on how a utility generates a clean power plant and utility-level structure used by the building.

Zero energy usage outside of net sites

A building can be considered a ZEB if 100% of the energy it buys comes from renewable energy sources, even if the energy is generated from the site.

Off-the-grid

Off-the-grid buildings are stand-alone ZEBs that are not connected to offsite energy utility facilities. They need distributed renewable energy and energy storage capabilities (when the sun does not shine, the wind does not blow, etc.). An autarkic energy house is a building concept where the balance of energy consumption and self production can be done every hour or even smaller. The house autarkic energy can be turned off.

Building zero-clean energy

Based on scientific analysis in the joint research program "Towards Building Zero Energy Clean Energy" established methodological framework that allows different definitions, according to the country's political targets, specific conditions (climate) and each of the requirements formulated for indoor conditions: Understanding the overall concept of Net ZEB is an energy efficient, network-connected network that allows to generate energy from renewable sources to compensate for its own energy demand (see figure 1). ).
The word "Net" emphasizes the exchange of energy between buildings and energy infrastructure. With grid-building interactions, ZEB Net becomes an active part of renewable energy infrastructure. Connection to this energy network prevents the storage of seasonal energy and systems in places that are too large to generate energy from renewable sources such as in energy autonomous buildings. The similarities of these two concepts are the path of two actions: 1) reducing energy demand by using energy efficiency measures and passive energy use; 2) generate energy from renewable sources. However, Net ZEBs grid interactions and plans to increase their numbers are broadly evoked on increasing flexibility in shifting energy loads and reducing peak demands.

In this equilibrium procedure, some explicit aspects and options must be determined:

• The limits of building systems are divided into physical boundaries that determine which renewable resources are being considered (eg on the building site, on-site or even off-site, see) how many buildings are included in the balance sheet (building single, a group of buildings) and a balance limit that determines the energy usage included (eg heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water, lighting, equipment, IT, central services, electric vehicles, and energy contained, etc.). It should be noted that renewable energy supply options can be prioritized (eg by transport or conversion effort, availability over the life of the building or potential future replication, etc.) and therefore create a hierarchy. It can be said that the resources in the building site or at the site should be given priority over off-site supply options.
• The weighting system transforms the physical unit of a different energy carrier into a uniform metric (final energy/site, renewable energy source, including energy costs, equivalent carbon emissions and even energy or environmental credit) and enables their comparisons and compensation between each other in a single equilibrium (eg PV exported electricity can compensate for imported biomass). Politically influenced factors of influence and therefore may be asymmetric or time dependent may affect the relative value of the energy carrier and may affect the energy generation capacity required.
• The balancing period is often assumed to be one year (suitable for covering all operating energy usage). Shorter periods (monthly or seasonal) can also be considered and balanced over the entire life cycle (including the energy contained, which can also be annualized and calculated in addition to operational energy use).
• The balance of energy can be done in two types of balance sheets: 1) Energy balance sent/imported and exported (monitoring phase as own consumption of locally generated energy can be entered); 2) Balance between energy demand and energy generation (for design phase as a normal end user of temporary consumption pattern - eg for lighting, equipment, etc. - less). Or balance based on monthly net worth where only residual per month is concluded until the annual balance can be imagined. This can be seen as a load/generating balance or as a special case of the import/export balance in which "virtual monthly private consumption" is assumed (see figure 2). and compare).
• In addition to the energy balance, Net ZEBs can be characterized by its ability to match building loads with its energy generation (matching loads) or to work profitably with respect to local network infrastructure requirements (milling interactions). Both can be expressed by appropriate indicators which are intended as assessment tools only.

This information is based on publications, and where deeper information can be found.

Maps Zero-energy building

Design and construction

The most cost-effective measures for reducing building energy consumption usually occur during the design process. To achieve efficient energy use, zero energy design departs significantly from conventional construction practices. Successful zero-energy generating designers typically incorporate tested passive solar time, or artificial/counterfeit conditioning, principles that work with on-premises assets. Sunlight and solar heat, the prevailing breeze, and the coolness of the earth beneath the building, can provide indoor lighting and stable indoor temperatures with minimum mechanical means. ZEB is usually optimized for passive use of solar heat and shading, combined with thermal mass to stabilize daily temperature variations throughout the day, and in most climates is superinsulated. All the technologies needed to create zero energy buildings are available beyond the limits of today.

3-D advanced 3D energy simulation tools are available to model how a building will perform with various design variables such as building orientation (relative to daily and seasonal sun position), type and door and window, depth of overhang, type of insulation and values ​​of building elements , air tightness (weather), efficiency of heating, cooling, lighting and other equipment, as well as local climate. This simulation helps designers predict how building performance will be built before, and enables them to model the economic and financial implications of building cost benefit analysis, or even more precisely - life cycle assessments.

Building zero energy is built with significant energy-saving features. Heating and cooling loads are lowered by using high efficiency equipment, additional insulation, high efficiency windows, natural ventilation, and other techniques. These features vary depending on the climate zone where construction occurs. Heating water loads can be lowered by using water conservation equipment, heat recovery units in wastewater, and by using solar water heaters, and high efficiency water heating appliances. In addition, natural lighting with skylights or solartubes can provide 100% daytime lighting inside the house. Night lighting is usually done with fluorescent lighting and LEDs that use 1/3 or less of an incandescent bulb, without adding unwanted heat. And other electrical loads can be reduced by choosing efficient equipment and minimizing phantom load or standby power. Other techniques to achieve clean zero (depending on climate) are the principles of Earth-protected buildings, superinsulation walls using a straw-bale construction, pre-fabricated building panels of Vitruvian built and roof elements plus exterior landscaping for seasonal shade.

Zero energy buildings are often designed to use dual energy including white goods; for example, using refrigerator exhaust to heat household water, air vents and shower drain heat exchangers, office machines and computer servers, and body heat to heat buildings. These buildings utilize heat energy that may be disposed of conventional buildings outside. They can use heat recovery ventilation, hot water recycling, combined heat and power, and absorption chiller units.

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Energy harvest

ZEBs harvest the available energy to meet their electricity and heating or cooling needs. In the case of individual homes, various microgeneration technologies can be used to provide heat and electricity to buildings, using solar cells or wind turbines for electricity, and biofuels or solar thermal collectors associated with seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) for space heating. STES can also be used for summer cooling by storing the cold winter underground. To cope with demand fluctuations, zero energy buildings are often connected to power grids, export electricity to the network when there is a surplus, and draw electricity when insufficient electricity is produced. Other buildings may be completely autonomous.

Energy harvesting is most often more effective (in exploiting costs and resources) when done on a local but combined scale, for example, a group of houses, cohousing, local districts, villages, etc. Rather than an individual base. The energy benefits of harvesting such local energy are the virtual elimination of electrical transmission and electrical distribution losses. This loss amounts to about 7.2% -7.4% of the energy transferred. Harvesting energy in commercial and industrial applications will benefit from the topography of each location. Production of goods under the net energy consumption of zero fossils requires the location of geothermal, microhydro, solar, and wind resources to sustain the concept.

Zero energy environments, such as the development of BedZED in the UK, and which are spreading rapidly in California and China, can use a distributed generation scheme. This may in some cases include district heating, community cold water, shared wind turbines, etc. There are current plans to use ZEB technology to build entire cities that use electricity networks or net energy net.

Meeting "energy harvest" versus "energy conservation"

One of the key areas of debate in zero energy design is the balance between energy conservation and the utilization of renewable energy (solar energy, wind energy and heat energy) that is distributed. Most zero energy homes use a combination of these strategies.

As a result of significant government subsidies for photovoltaic solar power systems, wind turbines, etc., some suggest that ZEB is a conventional home with distributed renewable energy harvesting technology. All such additional houses have emerged in locations where photovoltaic (PV) subsidies are significant, but many so-called "Zero Energy Homes" still have electricity bills. This type of energy harvesting without additional energy conservation may not be cost-effective with current electricity prices with photovoltaic equipment (depending on the electric loca- tion of the electricity company), and may also require greater energy and resources so that the ecological approach becomes less.

Since the 1980s, passive solar building designs and passive homes have shown a reduction in heating energy consumption from 70% to 90% in many locations, without the taking of active energy. To build new, and with expert designs, this can be achieved with little additional construction cost for materials on top of conventional buildings. Very few industry experts have the skills or experience to fully capture the benefits of passive design. This kind of passive solar design is much more cost-effective than adding expensive photovoltaic panels on the roof of a conventional inefficient building. A few kilowatt-hours of photovoltaic panels (a cost of 2 to 3 dollars per year kWh production, equivalent to US dollars) can only reduce the need for external energy by 15% to 30%. A high seasonal energy efficiency ratio of 100,000 BTU (110 MJ). 14 Conventional air conditioners require more than 7 kW of photovoltaic electricity while it is operating, and that does not include enough for off-the-grid night-time operations. Passive cooling, and superior engineering systems engineering, can reduce air conditioning requirements by up to 70% to 90%. Electricity generated by photovoltaics becomes more cost effective when overall electricity demand is lower.

Resident behavior

The energy used in a building can vary greatly depending on the behavior of the occupants. The acceptance of what is considered convenient varies greatly. The study of identical homes in the United States has shown a dramatic difference in energy use, with some identical homes using more than twice the energy of others. Occupant behavior may vary from different settings and programming thermostats, different levels of lighting and hot water, and the number of different electrical devices or loads of plugs used.

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Utility problems

Utility companies are usually legally responsible for maintaining power infrastructure that brings power to our cities, neighborhoods, and individual buildings. Utility companies usually have this infrastructure down to the line of ownership of an individual parcel, and in some cases have electricity infrastructure on private ground as well. Utilities expressed concern that the use of Clean Metering for ZNE projects threatens basic Utility revenues, which in turn affects their ability to maintain and serve part of the power grid they are responsible for. Utilities expressed concern that countries that retained the Net Metering law could paralyze non-ZNE homes with higher utility costs, since homeowners would be responsible for paying for network maintenance while ZNE home owners in theory would not pay anything if they achieve ZNE status. This creates potential equity issues, because at present, the burden will seem to fall on low-income households. A possible solution to this problem is to create a minimum basic cost for all homes connected to the utility network, which will force ZNE homeowners to pay for network services separately from their electricity usage.

There are additional concerns that local distribution as well as larger transmission networks have not been designed to deliver electricity in two directions, which may be necessary because higher levels of distributed energy generation come on line. Overcoming this barrier can require a large increase to the power grid, but this is not believed to be a major problem until the renewable generation reaches a much higher penetration rate than is currently realized.

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Development effort

The widespread acceptance of zero energy development technologies may require more government incentives or building code regulations, recognized development standards, or significant increases in conventional energy costs.

Google's photovoltaic campus and Microsoft's 480-kilowatt photovoltaic campus rely on the US Federal, and especially California, subsidies and financial incentives. California now provides US $ 3.2 billion in subsidies to residential and commercial near-zero-energy buildings. Details of renewable energy subsidies of other American countries (up to US $ 5.00 per watt) can be found in the State Incentive Database for Renewable Energy and Efficiency. The Florida Solar Energy Center has a slide presentation of the latest advances in this field.

The World Business Council for Sustainable Development has launched a major initiative to support the development of ZEB. Led by CEOs of United Technologies and Chairman Lafarge, this organization has the support of large global companies and the expertise to mobilize the corporate world and government support to make ZEB a reality. Their first report, a survey of key players in real estate and construction, shows that the cost of green building is too high by 300 percent. Survey respondents estimate that greenhouse gas emissions by buildings are 19 percent of the total worldwide, in contrast to the actual value of about 40 percent.

Building zero energy and low energy impact

Those who commission the construction of passive homes and zero-energy homes (over the last three decades) are essential to technological innovations that are iterative, incremental, up-to-date. Much has been learned from many significant successes, and some expensive failures.

The concept of zero energy development has become a progressive evolution of the design of other low-energy buildings. Among other things, Canada R-2000 and Germany passive house standards have an international effect. Collaborative government demonstration projects, such as the superinsulated Saskatchewan House, and the International Energy Agency Task 13 , have also played their part.

Definition of Net Zero Energy Building

The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) publishes an innovative report entitled Net-Zero Energy Buildings: A Classification System Based on Renewable Energy Supply Option. This is the first report to expose a full spectrum classification system for Net Zero/Renewable Energy buildings that cover the full spectrum of Clean Energy sources, both on site and offsite. This classification system identifies the following four main categories of Building/Site/Campus Zero Net:

• NZEB: A - Net Zero Energy Building footprint update
• NZEB: B - Net Zero Energy Building energy update
• NZEB: C - Renewable energy imported Net Zero Energy Building
• NZEB: D - Renewable renewable energy outside Net Zero Energy Building

Implementing the US Government's Net Zero Classification system means that any building "can" be Zero Net with the right combination of Zero Net key technology - PV (solar), GHP (geothermal heating and cooling, thermal battery), EE (energy efficiency) , sometimes Wind, and Battery Electricity. Graphic exposure of the impact scale of the NREL guideline application for Nol Net can be seen in a graph on the Net Zero Foundation entitled "Net Zero Effect on Total US Energy Use" showing a possible 39% total reduction of fossil fuel use by the United States. convert US Residence and Commercial buildings to Zero Net, 37% savings if we still use Nat. Gas for cooking at the same level.

Carbon Zero Conversion Example

Many famous universities have expressed their desire to completely change their energy systems from fossil fuels. The idea that one can change the entire campus from fossil fuels to date is only theoretical. Leveraging ongoing developments in both photovoltaic and geothermal heat pump technologies, and in the field of advanced Power Batteries, the complete conversion into carbon-free energy solutions is now possible. An example is in the Net Zero Foundation proposal at MIT to take the campus entirely from the use of fossil fuels. This proposal shows the upcoming applications of Net Zero Energy Buildings technology in the Energy District scale.

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Advantages and disadvantages

Benefits

• isolation to build owners of future energy price increases
• increase in comfort due to a more uniform interior temperature (this can be shown with a comparative isotherm map)
• reduces the requirements for energy savings
• reducing total cost of ownership due to increased energy efficiency
• reduce monthly net cost of living
• reduce the risk of loss from network outages
• improve reliability - photovoltaic systems have a 25-year guarantee and rarely fail during weather problems - the 1982 photovoltaic system at the EPCOT Energy World Pavilion Walt Disney World is still working well today, after going through three recent hurricanes
• the additional cost is minimized for new construction compared to the subsequent retrofit
• higher resale value because potential owners need more ZEB than available supply
• ZEB building values ​​relative to similar conventional buildings will increase every time energy costs increase
• future legislative restrictions, and tax/carbon emissions fines can force costly retrofits for inefficient buildings
• contribute to greater benefits from the community, e.g. providing sustainable renewable energy to the network, reducing network expansion needs

Losses

• start-up costs may be higher - the effort required to understand, implement, and qualify for ZEB subsidies, if any.
• very few designers or builders have the skills or experience needed to build ZEBs
• the possible decline in utility renewable energy costs of future utilities may reduce the value of capital invested in energy efficiency
• The price of new photovoltaic solar cell technology technology has fallen about 17% per year - This will reduce the value of capital invested in solar power generation systems - Current subsidies will be removed when mass production of photovoltaic lowers prices in the future
• challenge to recover higher initial costs on resale of buildings, but a new energy rating system is being introduced gradually.
• While individual homes can use an average of zero net energy for a year, it may demand energy when peak demand for the grid occurs. In such cases, the capacity of the network must still provide electricity for all payloads. Therefore, ZEB can not reduce the capacity of power plants needed.
• without the energy-optimized thermal envelope contained, heating and cooling energy and resource use higher than required. ZEB by definition does not mandate the minimum performance level of heating and cooling thus enabling renewable energy systems that are too large to fill the energy gap.
• the capture of solar energy using a home envelope only works in an unobstructed location from the sun. The capture of solar energy can not be optimized in the north (for the northern hemisphere, or south for the southern hemisphere) overlooking the shade, or the tree environment.

Zero energy building versus green building

The goal of green building and sustainable architecture is to use resources more efficiently and reduce the negative impacts of buildings on the environment. Zero energy building achieves one major goal of green development that fully or significantly reduces energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for building life. Zero energy buildings may or may not be considered "green" in all areas, such as reducing waste, using recycled building materials, etc. However, zero energy, or zero-zero buildings do tend to have much lower ecological impacts over the life of the building compared to other "green" buildings that require imported fossil energy and/or fuels to be inhabitable and meet the occupants' needs.

Due to design challenges and site sensitivity needed to efficiently meet the energy needs of buildings and occupants with renewable energy (solar, wind, geothermal, etc.), Designers must apply holistic design principles, and take advantage of the free available natural assets, such as passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, natural light, thermal mass, and night cooling.

Certification

Many green building certification programs do not require buildings to have zero net energy usage, just to reduce energy usage by a few percent below the minimum required by law. Green Globes involves a checklist that is a measurement tool, not a design tool. Inexperienced designers or archers may choose cherries to meet the target certification level, although they may not be the best design choice for a particular building or climate. In November 2011, the International Living Future Institute (ILFI) developed the Zero Clean Energy Building Certification. In 2017, ILFI simplified the certification program and renamed it with the Zero Energy Building Certification.

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Worldwide

International Initiatives

Between 2008 and 2013, researchers from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States working together in a joint research program "Toward a Zero Energy Clean Energy Building" under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) 40/Energy Heater and Building Cooling (SHC) Program in Building and Communities (EBC, formerly ECBCS) Appendix 52 to bring the Net ZEB concept to the viability market. International research and demonstration activities are shared in sub-tasks. The goal is to develop a shared understanding, a harmonized international definition framework (Subtask A, see the definition of the methodology "Net Zero Energy Building" above), design process tools (Subtask B), building design and advanced technology solutions and industry guidelines for Net ZEBs (Subtask C). The scope includes new and existing residential and non-residential buildings located within the climate zones of participating countries.

Australia

In Australia, researchers have recently developed a new approach to the construction of visually visible solar energy harvester windows suitable for industrialization and application in zero-zero energy buildings. Industrial production of several prototype batches of solar windows has begun in 2016.

As of December 2017, the State of Queensland has more than 30% of households with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The average size of Australia's roof solar roof system has exceeded 3.5kW. In Brisbane (the capital of Queensland), households with 6kW roof PV systems and a reasonable energy rating (5 ~ 6 stars for Australian National Energy Energy Rating NatHERS) can achieve zero total energy targets or even positive energy.

Belgium

In Belgium there is a project with ambition to make the Belgian city of Leuven a neutral climate by 2030.

Japanese

After April 2011 the Fukushima earthquake was followed up with the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Japan suffered a severe power crisis that caused awareness of the importance of energy conservation. In 2012 the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and the Ministry of Environment (Japan) summarize the roadmap for the Low-Carbon Society which contains the goals of ZEH and ZEB to become new construction standards by 2020.

Canada

• In December 2017, BC Energy Step Code was incorporated into the force of law in British Columbia. The local British Columbia government may use the standard to provide incentives or require a level of energy efficiency in new construction that goes beyond basic building code requirements. The regulation is designed as a technical roadmap to help the province achieve its targets that all new buildings will achieve a zero level of net energy performance by 2032.

• In August 2017, the Canadian Government released Build Smart - Canada's Buildings Strategy, as a key driver of the Pan Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, Canada's national climate strategy. The Smart Build strategy strives to dramatically improve Canada's building energy efficiency in pursuit of zero clean energy performance levels.

• On May 3, 2013, Prime Minister Harper announced funding for the EcoENERGY Innovation Initiative project including a project led by Owens Corning entitled Integrating Renewable Energy and Conservation Efforts in Low-Energy Housing Rise-Rise. This pilot project aims to address the special challenges for production housing when building into a zero level of clean energy performance. The buildability Corporation project management team will work to assess and resolve challenges in relation to site planning, construction, equipment, network connections, cost, trading capability, warranty, reliability, sales, marketing, and homebuyer information/education. Five home builders in four provinces will build at least 25 Net Zero Energy (NZE) homes in March 2016 as part of the project. The five selected builders who participated in this initiative were: Mattamy Homes Limited (Calgary, Alberta); Voyer Construction (Laval, Quebec); The Minto Community (Ottawa, Ontario); Provident Development Inc. (Halifax, Nova Scotia); and Heritage House of Reid (Guelph, Ontario).
• In Canada The Coalition of Clean-Zero Energy Homes is an industry association that promotes the construction of zero-net energy homes and the adoption of near net-zero energy homes (nNZEH), NZEH Ready and NZEH standards.
• Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation sponsors the EQuilibrium Sustainable Housing Competition that will complete fifteen zero and near-zero energy projects nationwide starting in 2008.
• The EcoTerra House in Eastman, Quebec is the first zero-energy housing in Canada built through CMHC EQuilibrium Sustainable Housing Competition. The house was designed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Masa Noguchi from the University of Melbourne for House Alouette and engineered by Prof. Dr. Andreas K. Athienitis of Concordia University.
• In 2014, the public library building in Varennes, QC, became the first ZNE institute building in Canada. The library is also certified LEED gold.
• EcoPlusHome in Bathurst, New Brunswick. Eco Plus Home is a prefabricated test house built by Maple Leaf Homes and with technology from Bosch Thermotechnology.
• The first zero-zero passive house in Northshore, Vancouver, BC, was designed by Dr. Homayoun Arbabian. The design and construction of SuperEcoHouse is done by Vancouver Green Homes LTD.
• Mohawk College will build the first Clean Building Zero in Hamilton

China

• One example of a new generation zero energy office building is the 71-storey Pearl River Tower, which opened in 2009, as the headquarters of China's National Tobacco Corporation. It uses simple energy efficiency, and greatly distributed renewable energy from both the sun and the wind. Designed by Skidmore Owings Merrill LLP in Guangzhou, China, the tower receives economic support from government subsidies that now fund significant reductions in conventional fossil (and nuclear energy) energy.
• Dongtan Eco-City near Shanghai

Denmark

The Strategic Research Center on Zero Energy Building in 2009 was established at Aalborg University by grants from the Danish Council for Strategic Research (DSF), the Program Commission for Sustainable Energy and Environment, and in collaboration with Danish Technical University, Danish Technological Institute, Danfoss A/S , Velux A/S, Saint Gobain Isover A/S, and the Danish Construction Association, part aluminum facade. The purpose of this center is through the development of integrated and intelligent technologies for buildings, which ensure adequate energy conservation and optimal renewable energy applications, to develop the concept of zero energy development. Working with industry, the center will create the necessary foundation for long-term sustainable development in the building sector.

German

• Technische UniversitÃÆ'¤t Darmstadt won first place in the international zero energy competition 2007 Solar Decathlon competition, with passivhaus design (Passive house) renewable energy, scored highest in Architecture, Lighting, and Engineering Contest
• The Fraunhofer Institute for ISE Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg im Breisgau
• Clean zero energy, energy-plus or climate neutral building in next generation power grids

India

The first zero house of India is Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, located in New Delhi. Features include passive solar building design and other green technologies.

Iran

In 2011, Payesh Energy House (PEH) or Khaneh Payesh Niroo by the collaboration of Fajr-e-Toseah Consultant Engineering Company and Vancouver Green Homes Ltd] under the Payesh Energy management Group (EPG) launched the first Net-Zero passive house in Iran. This concept makes the design and construction of PEH sample models and standard processes for mass production by MAPSA.

Also an example of a new zero energy office building is the 24-story OIIC Office Tower, which started in 2011, as the OIIC Company headquarters. It uses simple energy efficiency, and greatly distributed renewable energy from both the sun and the wind. It is managed by Company Rahgostar Naft in Tehran, Iran. The tower receives economic support from government subsidies that now fund many significant fossil fuel free efforts.

ireland

In 2005, The Scandinavian House launched the first standardized passive house in Ireland, this concept made the design and construction of a passive house into a standard process. Conventional low-energy construction techniques have been refined and modeled on PHPP (Passive House Design Package) to create a standard passive home. Offsite buildings allow high precision techniques to be utilized and reduce the possibility of errors in construction In 2009 the same company started a project to use 23,000 liters of water in a seasonal storage tank, heated by a solar tube evacuated throughout the year, with the aim of providing homes with sufficient heat throughout the winter months thus eliminating the need for any electric heat to keep the house warm. This system is monitored and documented by a team of researchers from The University of Ulster and the results will be included in the part of the PhD thesis.

In 2012, the Cork institute of Technology began renovation work on building stocks in 1974 to develop retrofit buildings without clean energy. The sample project will be the first zero energy testbed in Ireland that offers an evaluation of post actual building performance placement against the design benchmark.

Malaysia

In October 2007, the Center for Energy Malaysia (PTM) successfully completed the construction and construction of PTM Zero Energy Office Building (ZEO). The building is designed to be a super energy-efficient building with only 286 kWh/day. Renewable energy - a photovoltaic combination is expected to result in a net zero energy demand from the grid. The building is undergoing a good refinement process by the local energy management team. The findings are expected to be published within a year.

In 2016, Malaysia Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA Malaysia) has initiated a voluntary initiative called the Low Carbon Buildings Facilitation Program. The goal is to support the current low carbon city program in Malaysia. In this program, several demonstration projects succeeded in reducing energy and carbon outside of 50% savings and some managed to save more than 75%. The continuous improvement of super energy-efficient buildings with significant implementation of renewable energy in place managed to make some of them into nearly Zero Energy (nZEB) as well as the Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB). In March 2018, SEDA Malaysia has started the Zero Energy Building Facilitation Program.

Malaysia also has a sustainable development tool specifically for Low Carbon and zero energy buildings, called GreenPASS which has been developed by Malaysia Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) in 2012, and is currently managed and promoted by SEDA Malaysia. GreenPASS officials are called Industrial Construction Standards (CIS) 20: 2012.

Dutch

In September 2006, the Dutch World Wildlife Fund (WWF) headquarters in Zeist opened. This eco-friendly building provides more energy than is used. All materials in the building are tested against stringent requirements set by WWF and architects.

Norwegian

In February 2009, the Norwegian Research Council commissioned the Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology to host the Research Center at Zero Emission Building (ZEB), which is one of eight new National Center for Environmentally Friendly Energy Research (FME ). The main objective of the FME-center is to contribute to the development of good technologies for environmentally friendly energy and to enhance Norway's level of expertise in this field. In addition, they should help generate new industrial activities and new jobs. Over the next eight years, the ZEB-FME Center will develop competitive products and solutions for existing and new buildings that will lead to market penetration of zero-emission buildings associated with their production, operation and destruction.

Singapore

Singapore's first zero-energy building was launched at the inaugural Singapore Green Building Week.

Switzerland

The Swiss label MINERGIE-A-Eco states zero energy buildings. The first building with this label, a single family home, was completed in MÃÆ'¼hleberg in 2011.

United Arab Emirates

• Masdar City in Abu Dhabi
• Dubai Sustainable City in Dubai

United Kingdom

In December 2006, the government announced that by 2016 all new homes in the UK will be zero energy buildings. To encourage this, the exemption from the Land Duty Land Duty is planned. In Wales, the plan is a standard that must be met by early 2011, although it seems more likely that the actual execution date is 2012. However, as a result of unilateral policy changes issued at the time of the March 2011 budget, a more limited policy is now planned, which estimated, would only reduce two-thirds of the emissions of new homes.

• BedZED development
• Hockerton Housing Project

United States

In the US, ZEB's research is currently being supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Building America Program, including an industry-based consortium and research organization at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL ), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). From fiscal year 2008 to 2012, DOE plans to award $ 40 million to four Building America, the Building Science Corporation teams; IBACOS; The Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings; and Building Industry Research Alliances, as well as a consortium of academic and building industry leaders. The funds will be used to develop homes without clean energy that consume 50% to 70% less energy than conventional homes.

The DOE also provides $ 4.1 million for two regional building technology application centers that will accelerate adoption of new and growing energy-efficient technologies. The two centers, located at the University of Central Florida and Washington State University, will serve 17 states, providing information and training on commercially available energy-efficient technologies.

The 2007 US Energy Independence and Security Act creates 2008 to 2012 funding for a new solar air conditioner research and development program, which will soon showcase several new technological innovations and mass production economies of scale.

The 2008 Solar America Initiative initiative funded research and development into the development of a $ 148 million cost-effective Zero Energy Home in 2008.

The Solar Energy Tax Credit has been extended until the end of 2016. Solar power in the United States

With an Executive Order of 13514, US President Barack Obama mandates that by 2015, 15% of existing Federal buildings comply with new energy efficiency standards and 100% of all new Federal buildings become Clean-Zero Energy by 2030.

Challenges Free Energy Homes

In 2007, the philanthropic Siebel Foundation created the Free Home Energy Foundation. The goal is to offer $ 20 million in global incentive rewards for designing and building a 3,000 square foot (186 square meter) 3-bedroom, two-bath home with (1) annual annual net-zero utility bill which also has (2) high market appeal, and (3) no more cost than conventional homes to build.

The plan includes funding to build the top ten entries for $ 250,000 each, the first prize of $ 10 million, and then a total of 100 such homes to be built and sold to the public.

Beginning in 2009, Thomas Siebel made numerous presentations on the Challenges of Free Energy Homes. The Siebel Foundation Report states that the Energy Free Home Challenge is "Launch at the end of 2009".

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley participated in the writing of "The Feasibility of Achieving a No-Zero-Energy Home, Non-Cost Houses" for $ 20 million Free Energy Challenges Home.

If implemented, the Free Energy Challenge will provide increased incentives for technological enhancement and consumer education about zero energy buildings that come at the same cost as conventional housing.

AS. Solar Decathlon Energy Department

The US Solar System's Energy Department Decathlon is an international competition that challenges college teams to design, build, and operate the most compelling, effective, and energy-efficient solar homes. Achieving a balance of Zero Net Energy is the main focus of the competition.

List

Arizon

• Zero Energy House was developed by NAHB Research Center and John Wesley Miller Companies, Tucson.

Source of the article : Wikipedia