Male contraception , also known as male birth control is a method of preventing pregnancy that mainly involves male physiology. The most common types of male contraceptives include condoms, withdrawal or withdrawal, outercourse, and vasectomy. In pets, castration is commonly used for contraception. Other forms of male contraception are at various stages of research and development. These include methods such as RISUG/VasalGel (which have completed small phase II clinical trials in humans in India) and ultrasound (with results so far obtained in experimental animals).
Video Male contraceptive
Method
Surgery
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent birth control. During the procedure, a male vasa deferentia is disconnected, and then tied up or sealed in such a way as to prevent sperm from entering into the seminal flow (ejaculation). Vasectomy is usually performed in a doctor's office or medical clinic. The CDC study estimates there is a probability of 11 failures per 1,000 procedures over 2 years; half of the failures occurred in the first three months after vasectomy, and no failure occurred after 72 weeks. Because sperm are retained outside the blocked vasa deferentia, vasectomy only becomes effective about three months after surgery.
Condoms
Condoms are a shaped protective device that can be used during sexual intercourse to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS. It rolls onto an erect penis before intercourse and prevents ejaculation of semen enters the body of the sexual partner. The rate of use of a perfect pregnancy condom is 2% per year.
Condoms can be combined with other forms of contraception (such as spermicides) for greater protection. The average use rate of pregnancy among condom users varies depending on the population studied, ranging from 10 to 18% per year.
Withdrawal
The withdrawal method has a failure rate of about 4% per year if used correctly on every act of sexual intercourse, with a failure rate of 22% per annum for typical usage.
Maps Male contraceptive
History
Dioscorides, ca. 40 AD, describes the properties of flaxseed contraceptives ( Cannabis sativa ) and rue ( Ruta graveolens ) at De Materia Medica , a widely used text to the century mid. One test in mice (20 milligrams of ethanol extract 80%) found that sperm count was reduced by more than half. In medieval Persia (and in other traditions as quoted) this herb is used for male contraception, as well as Gossypium herbaceum (Malvaceae), Cyperus longus (Cyperaceae), Vitex (Aristolochiaceae), Punica granatum (Punicaceae), and
In traditional Indian medicine, the use of neem trees is described in Ayurvedic medicine, by Sushruta and in Rasarathasamucchaya, Sarangadhara, Bhavaprakasha and Bhisagya Ratnavali. Traditionally retained to have an antifertility effect, the leaves proved to reduce pregnancy rates and litter size in male mice tests.
In 1995, researchers isolated compounds from plants used in Chinese herbal medicine called Tripterygium wilfordii (???, lei gong teng).
In 2002, researchers fed the extract from papaya seeds ( Carica papaya ) to monkeys. Furthermore, the monkeys had no sperm in their ejaculation. Traditionally used for contraception, papaya seeds have no obvious adverse effects on testes or other organs from mice that are tested with long-term treatment.
Hot-based contraceptives, dating in concepts with Hippocrates writing, involve warming testicles to prevent sperm formation. Requiring the maintenance of the testes at 116Ã, Â ° F (47Ã, Â ° C) (just below the threshold of pain) for 45 minutes, it is not a very interesting technique, but variants using ultrasound have been investigated.
Research
The aim of the study was to develop reversible male contraceptives, whether pharmaceutical, surgical or otherwise.
Drugs
It is thought that the introduction of reversible long-acting contraceptives for men can reduce unwanted pregnancy rates.
References
External links
- Male Contraception Initiative
- Male Contraception Information Project
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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