smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet voice communications; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi. Smartphones are usually pocket-sized, compared to tablet computers, which are much larger.
Smartphones can run various software components, known as "apps". Most basic applications (e.g. event calendars, cameras, web browsers) are preinstalled with the system, while others are available for download from authorized sources like the Google Play Store or Apple App Store. Applications may receive bug fixes and gain additional functionality through software updates; similarly, the operating system can update. Mobile payments are now a feature of most smartphones.
The modern smartphone has a touch screen color display with a graphical user interface that covers the front surface and allows users to use a virtual keyboard to type and tap on screen icons to activate the application.
Currently, most smartphones meet the needs of their users for telephones, digital cameras and video cameras, GPS navigation, media players, clocks, news, calculators, web browsers, handheld video game players, flashlights, compasses, address books, note- digital messaging, event calendar, etc. Regular smartphones will include one or more of the following sensors: magnetometer, proximity sensor, barometer, gyroscope, or accelerometer. Since 2010, smartphones have adopted an integrated virtual assistant, such as Apple Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Microsoft Cortana, BlackBerry Assistant, and Samsung Bixby. Most smart phones manufactured from 2012 onwards have high-speed 4G mobile broadband.
In 1999, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo released its first smartphone to achieve mass adoption in a country. Smartphone sales began to grow rapidly in the late 2000s. In the third quarter of 2012, one billion smartphones were used worldwide. Global smartphone sales exceeded sales figures for feature phones in early 2013.
Video Smartphone
History
Forerunner
The first commercially available device that can be properly referred to as a "smartphone" was started as a prototype called "Angler" developed by Frank Canova in 1992 while at IBM and demonstrated in November of that year at the COMDEX computer industry trade fair. The refined version was marketed to consumers in 1994 by BellSouth under the name of Simon Personal Communicator. In addition to placing and receiving mobile calls, Simon with touch screen can send and receive fax and email. This includes an address book, calendar, appointment scheduler, calculator, world time clock, and notepad, as well as other mobile visionary apps like maps, stock reports and news. The term "smart phone" or "smart phone" was not invented until a year after the introduction of Simon, who appeared in print in early 1995, describes the Telephone User Communicator AT & amp; T.
Initial integration of data signal with phone
The first integration of the data signal with the phone was conceptualized by Nikola Tesla in 1909 and pioneered by Theodore Paraskevakos beginning in 1968 with its work on electronic data transmission over telephone lines. In 1971, when he worked with Boeing in Huntsville, Alabama, Paraskevakos showed transmitters and receivers that provided additional ways to communicate with remote equipment. It forms the original basis for what is now known as caller ID. The first caller ID equipment was installed at Peoples' Telephone Company in Leesburg, Alabama and demonstrated to several telephone companies. The original and historic working model is still in possession of Paraskevakos.
PDA/mobile hybrid
In the mid-1990s, many people owning mobile phones brought separate separate PDA devices, running early versions of operating systems such as Palm OS, Newton OS, Symbian or Windows CE/Pocket PC. This operating system will eventually develop into an initial mobile operating system. Most of the "smartphones" in this era are hybrid devices that combine this familiar PDA OS with basic phone hardware. The result is a device that is larger than a dedicated phone or PDA, but allows limited mobile internet access. The trend at the time, however, that manufacturers competed in both mobile phones and PDAs was to make the device smaller and slimmer. Most of these smartphones are combined with expensive and expensive data packets, plus other shortcomings such as limiting expansion and decreasing battery life compared to separate separate devices, generally limiting their popularity to "beginning users" and business users who require portable connectivity.
In March 1996, Hewlett-Packard released OmniGo 700LX, a modified HP 200LX palmtop PC with a Nokia 2110 phone that was hoisted on it and ROM-based software to support it. It has a screen LCD screen resolution of 640 × 200 compatible with CGA and can be used to place and receive calls, and to create and receive text messages, email and fax. It's also 100% DOS 5.0 compatible, allowing to run thousands of existing software titles, including early versions of Windows.
In August 1996, Nokia released the Nokia 9000 Communicator, a digital cellular PDA based on Nokia 2110 with an integrated system based on PEN/GEOS 3.0 operating system from Geoworks. Both components are attached by a hinge in what is known as a clamshell design, with the above display and a physical QWERTY keyboard below. PDAs provide e-mail; calendar, address book, calculator app and notebook; text-based Web browsing; and can send and receive faxes. When closed, the device can be used as a digital mobile phone.
In June 1999, Qualcomm released "pdQ Smartphone", a PCS PCS digital CDMA PCS with integrated Palm PDA and Internet connectivity.
The next landmark tools include:
- Ericsson R380 (2000) by Ericsson Mobile Communications. The first device is marketed as a "smartphone", it is the first Symbian-based phone, with PDA functionality and limited Web search on a resistive touch screen using a stylus. Users can not install their own software on the device, however.
- Kyocera 6035 (early 2001), dual-nature device with separate Palm OS PDA operating system and CDMA phone firmware. It supports limited Web search with PDA software that treats the phone hardware as an attached modem.
- Handspring's Treo 180 (2002), the first smartphone to fully integrate Palm OS on GSM phones that have phones, SMS messages and Internet access installed in the OS. The Model 180 has a thumb type keyboard and the 180g version has a Graffiti handwriting recognition area, instead.
Bulk adoption in Japan
In 1999, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo released its first smartphone to achieve mass adoption in a country. The phone runs on i-mode, which provides data transmission speeds of up to 9.6 kbit/s. Unlike future generations of wireless services, NTT DoCoMo's i-mode uses cHTML, a language that limits some aspects of traditional HTML that support increasing data rates for devices. Limited functionality, small screens and limited bandwidth allow the phone to use slower data rates. The emergence of i-mode helped NTT DoCoMo collect about 40 million subscribers by the end of 2001. It also ranks first in market capitalization in Japan and second globally. This power will then be reduced in the presence of the emergence of 3G and new phones with advanced wireless network capabilities.
Initial smartphone outside of Japan
Smartphones were still rare outside Japan until the introduction of the Hiptop Danger in 2002, which saw moderate success among US consumers as T-Mobile Sidekick. Then, in the mid-2000s, US business users began to adopt Microsoft Windows Mobile-based devices, and then BlackBerry smartphones from Research In Motion. American users popularized the term "CrackBerry" in 2006 due to the nature of BlackBerry addiction.
Outside the US and Japan, Nokia looks successful with its Symbian-based smartphone, originally developed by Psion for their personal organizer, and it was the most popular smartphone OS in Europe during the mid to late 2000s. Initially, Nokia's Symbian smartphone focused on business with Eseries, similar to Windows Mobile and BlackBerry devices at the time. From 2006 onwards, Nokia began producing consumer-focused smartphones, popularized by entertainment-focused Nseries. In Asia, with the exception of Japan, the trend is similar to Europe. Until 2010, Symbian is the most widely used smartphone operating system in the world.
Shift form factor
In the early to mid 2000s, it was common for smartphones to have a physical numeric keypad T9 or QWERTY keyboard in either candybar or sliding form. At that time, many smartphones have resistive touch screens, which allow input with a stylus other than a finger, allowing the entry of Asian characters. The keyboard is also common for smartphones in the late 2000s.
In 2007, LG Prada was the first phone to be released with a large capacitive touch screen. Later that year, Apple Inc. introduced the iPhone, which uses a multi-touch capacitive touchscreen. Such phones are notorious for ignoring the use of a stylus, keyboard, or keypad that is typical for smartphones at the time until early 2010, which supports capacitive touch screens for direct finger input as the only type of input. The iPhone is "not a smartphone by conventional terms, because the smartphone is a platform device that allows software to be installed", to the opening of Apple App Store a year later, which is a common means for software distribution and smartphone installations.
In October 2008, the first mobile phone to use Google's Android operating system, called HTC Dream (also known as T-Mobile G1), was released. It's also a smartphone with a large multi-touch touchscreen, but still retains the physical keyboard slide-out. Newer Android versions added and then increased on-screen keyboard support, and the physical keyboard on Android devices quickly became scarce. Although Android adoption is relatively slow initially, it is starting to gain widespread popularity in 2012, and in early 2012 it dominated the worldwide smartphone market share, which continues to this day.
IPhone and Android phones with their capacitive touchscreens popularized the smartphone form factor based on the large capacitive touch screen and led to the decline of previous platforms, keyboards and keypads in focus. Microsoft, for example, stopped Windows Mobile and started a new touch-screen-oriented OS from scratch, called Windows Phone. Nokia abandoned Symbian and partnered with Microsoft to use Windows Phone on its smartphone. Windows Phone became the third most popular smartphone OS, before it was replaced by Windows 10 Mobile, which declined in share to "largely irrelevant" less than 0.5% of the smartphone market. Palm replaced their Palm OS with webOS, purchased by Hewlett-Packard and then sold to LG Electronics for use on LG's smart TVs. BlackBerry Limited, formerly known as Research In Motion, creates a new platform based on QNX, BlackBerry 10, which allows to control the device without having to press any physical button; the platform is then discontinued.
In the mid-2010s, almost all smartphones only use touch screens, and Android and iPhone smartphones dominate the market since smartphones began to grow in 2012 and 2013.
Technological developments in 2010
In 2013, Fairphone launched its first "social ethics" smartphone at the London Design Festival to address concerns about the source of materials in manufacturing. By the end of 2013, QSAlpha started production of smartphones that are designed entirely around security, encryption, and identity protection. Some companies began releasing smart phones that incorporate flexible screens to create curved form factors, such as the Samsung Galaxy Round and LG G Flex.
In October 2013, Motorola Mobility announced Project Ara, a concept for a modular smartphone platform that will allow users to customize and upgrade their phones with additional modules attached magnetically to the frame. Ara is retained by Google after the sale of Motorola Mobility to Lenovo, but suspended in 2016. That year, LG and Motorola launched a smartphone featuring a modular form of limited accessory; LG G5 allows accessories to be installed through the removal of battery compartments, while Moto Z uses magnetically mounted accessories to the back of the device.
In 2014, the 1440p screen begins to appear in high-end smartphones. In 2015, Sony released the Xperia Z5 Premium, featuring a 4K resolution screen, although only images and videos can actually be displayed at that resolution (all other software is upgraded from 1080p). Microsoft expanded Motorola's short-lived "Webtop" concept, uncovering functionality for the Windows 10 operating system for phones that allow docked devices to be docked for use with PC-style desktop environments. Other key technologies began to trend in 2016, including a focus on virtual reality and the augmented reality experience provided for smartphones, newly introduced USB-C connectors, and improved LTE technology. By 2015, the global median for smartphone ownership is 43%. Statista has estimated that 2.87 billion people will own a smartphone by 2020.
The first phone with a fingerprint scanner was the Toshiba G500 in 2007 and the first smartphone with a fingerprint scanner was the Motorola Atrix 4G in 2011. In September 2013, the iPhone 5S was launched as the first smartphone on major US carriers since Atrix to showcase the technology, called Touch ID. This feature is proving popular among users and by 2017 all of Apple's major competitors include the fingerprint scanner.
Possible developments in the future
The launch of the OLED smartphone has been anticipated for years but failed to materialize due to the relatively high failure rate when producing this screen. Creating a foldable battery is another obstacle.
Maps Smartphone
Hardware
Views
One of the main features of a smartphone is the screen. It fills some of the front surface of the device (about 70%), however, with the latest smartphones like Galaxy S8 and iPhone X, most of the available space up front is dedicated to display in a style called "edge- to edge." aspect 16: 9; some are 4: 3 or other ratios. They are measured in diagonal inches, ranging from 2.45 inches. Mobile phones with screens larger than 5.2 inches are often called "phablets." Smartphones with screens over 4.5 inches are usually difficult to use with just one hand, as most thumbs can not reach the entire screen surface; they may need to be shifted in the hand, held in one hand and manipulated by the other hand, or used in place with both hands.
Liquid crystal display is the most common; the other is the IPS screen, LED, OLED, AMOLED and E Ink. In 2010, the Braille display, which can be used by people with visual impairment is being developed. It is estimated that the Braille screen will use some type of microfluidic technology. In addition, some displays are integrated with pressure-sensitive digitizers, such as those developed by Wacom and Samsung. The Wacom model allows users to have a higher accuracy when drawing. Beginning with the iPhone 6S, Apple released the pressure sensitivity for their smartphone with the Touch 3D name. Apple's 3D Touch uniquely uses digitizers by giving users the availability to display additional menus and options by applying pressure to the specified icon.
Some smartphones may have a vibrate feature, which can be used for a more lively experience in the game, or for notifications.
Accessories
A variety of accessories are sold for smartphones, including casing, screen protector, charger cable, wireless power plant, On-The-Go USB adapter (for connecting USB drives and or, in some cases, HDMI cable to external monitor) , headphones, a combined headphone-microphone (which, for example, allows one to make a personal call on a device without holding it to the ear), and a Bluetooth-powered speaker that enables users to listen to the media from their smartphone wirelessly.
Cases range from relatively cheap soft rubber or plastic cases that provide moderate protection from bumps and good protection from scratches to more expensive, heavy-duty cases that incorporate rubber pads with hard outer shells. Some cases have forms such as "books", with covers opened by the user to use the device; when the cover is closed, protect the screen. Some "books" - as well as having extra pockets for credit cards, allowing people to use them as wallets.
Accessories include products sold by smartphone manufacturers and compatible products made by other manufacturers.
Battery
The smartphone battery life is, at present, generally sufficient, however, the smartphone battery life is earlier than bad due to a weak battery that can not handle the significant power requirements of the smartphone computer system and color screen. There is a tendency to use a battery that can not be replaced by the user.
To extend the talk time, smartphone users purchase additional chargers for use outside the home, at work, and in cars and by purchasing portable external "battery packs". External battery packs include generic models that connect to smartphones with cable and special models that "support" to smart phone case. Recently, Samsung has to remember millions of Galaxy Note 7 smartphones due to explosive battery problems. For consumer convenience, wireless charging stations have been introduced in several hotels, bars, and other public spaces.
Software
Mobile operating system
Android
Android is a mobile operating system founded by Andy Rubin, now owned and developed by Google, and is supported by an industry consortium known as the Open Handset Alliance. This is a Linux-based open source platform with optional proprietary components, including featured software packages for Google services, as well as Google Play content apps and storage space. Android was officially introduced through the release of its inaugural device, HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1) on October 20, 2008. As an open source product, Android has also been the subject of third-party development. The development group has used the Android source code to develop and distribute versions of their modified operating system, such as CyanogenMod (now LineageOS), to add features to the OS and provide newer Android versions to devices that no longer receive official updates from their vendors. The Android version with a fork has also been adopted by other vendors, such as Amazon.com, which uses "Fire OS" on various tablets and Fire Phone. Since this is a non-proprietary platform that has been shipped on devices spanning multiple market segments, Android has seen significant adoption. Gartner Research estimates that 325 million Android smartphones were sold during the fourth quarter of 2015, leading all other platforms. Samsung Electronics, which produces Android devices, is also the top smartphone vendor on all platforms in the same time period. Android is the best-selling smartphone OS in 2016. Android Pay is available in Android software.
iOS
iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is an exclusive mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. especially for its iPhone product line. The iPhone was first launched in January 2007. The device introduces the use of multi-touch gestures for navigation. In 2008, Apple introduced the App Store, a centralized store to buy new software for iPhone devices. iOS can also integrate with Apple's desktop music program, iTunes to sync media to personal computers. Dependency on the PC has been removed with the introduction of iCloud on newer iOS versions, which provides user data synchronization via internet servers between multiple devices. The early dominance of the iPhone line is credited with helping make Apple one of the most valuable public companies in the world in 2011. However, iPhone and iOS are generally in second place in world market share.
Tizen
Tizen is a Linux-based operating system for devices, including smartphones, tablets, infotainment devices (IVI) in vehicles, smart TVs, laptops and smart cameras. Tizen is a project within the Linux Foundation and is governed by the Technical Steering Group (TSG) consisting of Samsung and Intel among others. In April 2014, Samsung released Samsung Gear 2 and Gear 2 Neo, running Tizen. Samsung Z1 is the first smartphone manufactured by Samsung running Tizen; released in the Indian market on January 14, 2015.
OS Sailfish
The Sailfish OS is based on the Linux and Mer kernels. Additionally the Sailfish OS includes a multi-tasking user interface partially or fully programmed by Jolla. This user interface differentiates Jolla smartphones from others. Sailfish OS is intended to be a system created by many MeeGo teams, which makes Nokia to form Jolla, utilizing funding from Nokia's "Bridge" program that helps set up and support start-up companies formed by former Nokia employees.
Discontinued operating system
BlackBerry OS
In 1999, RIM released its first BlackBerry smartphone, providing real-time secure push-email communications on wireless devices. Services such as BlackBerry Messenger provide integration of all communications into one inbox. In September 2012, RIM announced that 200 million BlackBerry smartphones have been shipped. As of September 2014, there are approximately 46 million active BlackBerry service subscribers. In early 2010, RIM underwent a platform transition, changed its corporate name to BlackBerry Limited and released the device on a new platform called "BlackBerry 10".
Windows Mobile
Windows Mobile is based on the Windows CE kernel and first appeared as a Pocket PC 2000 operating system. Throughout its useful life, the operating system is available in both touch screen and non-touch screen formats. It is provided with a set of applications developed with the Microsoft Windows API and is designed to have features and appearance somewhat similar to Windows desktop versions. Third parties may develop software for Windows Mobile without restrictions imposed by Microsoft. The software application was eventually purchased from Windows Marketplace for Mobile during the short lifetime of the service. Windows Mobile was finally removed for Windows Phone OS.
Symbian
Symbian was originally developed by Psion as EPOC32. This is the most widely used smartphone operating system in the world until Q4 2010, although the platform never gained popularity in the US, as happened in Europe and Asia. The first Symbian phone, the smartphone touch screen Ericsson R380, was released in 2000, and was the first device to be marketed as a "smartphone". It combines PDAs with cell phones. Variants of Symbian OS are starting to appear, especially Symbian UIQ, MOAP, and S60, each supported by different manufacturers. With the creation of Symbian Foundation in 2008, Symbian OS was put together under one variant under the auspices of Nokia. In February 2011, Nokia announced that it would replace Symbian with Windows Phone as the operating system on all future smartphones, with platforms left behind for the next few years.
Firefox OS
Firefox OS is shown by Mozilla in February 2012. It's designed to have a complete community-based alternative system for mobile devices, using open standards and HTML5 apps. The first commercially available Firefox OS phones are ZTE Open and Alcatel One Touch Fire. By 2014, more companies have partnered with Mozilla including Panasonic (which makes smart TVs with Firefox OS) and Sony. In December 2015, Mozilla announced that it would stop developing Firefox OS for smartphones, and would reposition the project to focus on other forms of devices connected to the Internet.
Bada
The Bada operating system for smartphones was announced by Samsung in November 2009. The first Bada-based phone is the Samsung Wave S8500, released in June 2010. Samsung sent 4.5 million phones running Bada in Q2 of 2011. In 2013, Bada joins a similar platform called Tizen.
webOS
webOS is a proprietary mobile operating system running in the Linux kernel, originally developed by Palm, which was launched with Palm Pre. After being acquired by HP, two phones (Veer and Pre 3) and tablets (TouchPad) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware will be discontinued but will continue to support and update webOS software and develop ecosystems webOS. HP released webOS as open source with the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features. On February 25, 2013, HP announced the sale of WebOS to LG Electronics, which uses an operating system for "smart" or Internet-connected TV, but not a smartphone. In January 2014, Qualcomm announced that it has acquired a technology patent from HP, which includes all WebOS patents.
Palm OS
In late 2001, Handspring launched the Springboard GSM phone module with limited success. In May 2002, Handspring released Palm OS Treo 270, which does not support Springboard, either with touch screen and full keyboard. Treo has wireless web search, email, calendar, contact organizer, and mobile third-party apps that you can download or sync with your computer. Handspring was purchased by Palm, Inc. which released Treo 600 and continues to release Treo devices with multiple Treo devices using Windows Mobile.
Ubuntu Touch
Ubuntu Touch (also known as Ubuntu Phone) is a mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system developed by Canonical UK Ltd and Ubuntu Community. This device is designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
Other Linux
In 2003, Motorola launched the first smart phone that uses Linux, A760. Although the initial release was limited to one high-end device available only in the Asia-Pacific region, the manufacturer's intention was to eventually use Linux on most devices, including lower-end models. Further models for using Linux such as the Motorola Ming A1200i in 2005 and some of the Sun line's successors will be unveiled until 2010. In late 2009, Motorola released Motorola Cliq, the first of Motorola smartphones to run the Linux-based Android operating system.. Furthermore, Motorola stopped developing mobile phones based on other Linux variants.
Windows 10 Mobile
Windows 10 Mobile (formerly known as Windows Phone) comes from Microsoft. It is a closed source and possession. It has the third largest installed base on the smartphone behind Android and iOS.
Inaugurated on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone includes a user interface inspired by Microsoft Metro Design Language . It integrates with Microsoft services such as OneDrive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other non-Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices are made primarily by Microsoft Mobile/Nokia, and also by HTC and Samsung.
In January 2015, Microsoft announced that its Windows Phone brand would be removed and replaced with Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and integration with its Windows 10 PC partners, and providing a platform for smartphones and tablets with screen sizes below 8 inches.
Windows Mobile series smartphones have poor adoption, which also lead to the decline of third-party applications, and some vendors terminate their support for Windows Mobile altogether. In 2016, Windows 10 Mobile's global market share fell below 0.6%.
BlackBerry 10
In early 2010, BlackBerry Limited began creating a new device on a new platform called "BlackBerry 10", based on their BlackBerry Tablet OS, to replace the BlackBerry OS. By 2015, BlackBerry says there will be no new devices with BB10 but they will still support the OS for existing devices. In 2016, BlackBerry Limited stopped making smart phones and TCL Communication licenses to produce them under the name of BlackBerry Mobile. BlackBerry Mobile smartphones leave BlackBerry 10 which supports the Android operating system, starting with KEYone BlackBerry 2017. The first BlackBerry phone shipped with Android, is BlackBerry Limited.
Mobile app
Mobile apps are computer programs designed to run on mobile devices like smartphones or tablets. The term "app" is a shortening of the term "software application".
Application store
The introduction of the Apple App Store for iPhone and iPod Touch in July 2008 popularized a manufacturer-hosted online distribution for third-party applications (software and computer programs) focused on one platform. There are a variety of applications, including video games, music products, and business tools. Until then, the distribution of smartphone applications relies on third-party sources that provide applications for various platforms, such as GetJar, Handango, Handmark, and PocketGear. Following the success of the App Store, other smartphone manufacturers launched app stores, such as Google's Android Market (later renamed Google Play Store) and RIM BlackBerry App World and Android-related app stores like F-Droid. As of February 2014, 93% of mobile developers targeted the first smartphone for mobile app development.
Sales
Since 1996, smartphone shipments have experienced positive growth. In November 2011, 27% of all photos taken were taken with camera-equipped smartphones. In September 2012, a study concluded that 4 out of 5 smartphone owners use the device to shop online. Global smartphone sales topped the number of feature phones sold in early 2013. Worldwide smartphone shipments reached 1 billion units in 2013, up 38% from 725 million in 2012, while the 55% share of mobile phone market in 2013, up from 42% in 2012. In Q1 2016 for the first time shipments declined 3 percent year-on-year. This situation is caused by the mature Chinese market.
By manufacturer
In 2011, Samsung had the highest shipping market share worldwide, followed by Apple. In 2013, Samsung had a 31.3% market share, up slightly from 30.3% in 2012, while Apple was at 15.3%, a decrease from 18.7% in 2012. Huawei, LG and Lenovo respectively, each about 5%, significantly better than 2012 figures, while others have about 40%, equal to the previous year's figure. Only Apple lost market share, although their shipping volume still increased 12.9 percent; the rest experienced a significant increase in shipping volumes of 36 to 92 percent. In Q1 2014, Samsung owns 31% of the shares and Apple owns 16%. In Q4 2014, Apple owns 20.4% of the shares and Samsung has 19.9%. In Q2 2016, Samsung owns 22.3% of the shares and Apple has 12.9%. In Q1 2017, IDC reported that Samsung was first placed, with 80 million units, followed by Apple with 50.8 million, Huawei with 34.6 million, Oppo with 25.5 million and Vivo with 22.7 million.
Samsung's mobile phone business is half the size of Apple, based on revenue. Apple's business has improved tremendously over the last 4 years.
With operating system
The market has been dominated by the Android operating system since 2010. Android market share (measured by unit shipments) rose from 33.2% in Q4 2011 to 81.7% of the market in Q4 2016. Apple's market share oscillated between 18% and 12.5% ​​over the same period. Windows Phone's market share also oscillates between 1.5% and 0.3% over the same time frame. At the end of Q4 2016, Android is the most popular operating system sold with new smartphones with 81.7% market share, followed by iOS with 17.9%, Windows 10 Mobile with 0.3% and other OS 0.1%.
Historical sales figures, in millions
Use
Social
A University of Southern California 2012 study found that unprotected adolescent sexual activity is more common among smartphone owners. A study conducted by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Lighting Research Center (LRC) concluded that a smartphone, or a backlight device, could affect the sleep cycle. Some people may be psychologically tied to a smartphone that results in anxiety when separated from the device. "Smombies" (a combination of "smartphones" and "zombies") are people who run on smartphones and are not paying attention when they walk, possibly a risk of accidents in the process, an increased social phenomenon. The problem of slow-moving smartphone users leads to the creation of a temporary "moving lane" to run in Chongqing, China. The issue of uninterrupted smartphone users steered the city of Augsburg, Germany to implant a pedestrian traffic light on the sidewalk.
While driving
The use of cell phones while driving - including talking on the phone, sending text messages, playing media, surfing the web, playing games, using mapping apps or operating other phone features - is common but controversial, as it is widely considered dangerous because of what is known as distracted driving. Being disturbed when operating a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of accidents. In September 2010, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported that 995 people were killed by drivers disrupted by the phone. In March 2011 a US insurance company, State Farm Insurance, announced the results of a study showing 19% of drivers surveyed accessing the Internet on smartphones while driving. Many jurisdictions prohibit the use of cell phones while driving. In Egypt, Israel, Japan, Portugal, and Singapore, both mobile and hands-free phone calls (using cell phone speakers) are prohibited. In other countries including the UK and France and in many US states, only the use of prohibited mobile phone calls while the use of hands-free is permitted.
A 2011 study reported that over 90% of students surveyed text (initiating, retaliating or reading) while driving. Scientific literature on the dangers of driving when sending text messages from mobile phones, or sending SMS while driving, is limited. A simulation study at the University of Utah found a six-fold increase in disruption-related accidents when sending SMS. Due to the complexity of smartphones that began to grow longer afterwards, this has created additional difficulties for law enforcement officers while trying to distinguish one usage from another in drivers using their device. This is more evident in countries that prohibit the use of handhelds and hands-free, rather than those that prohibit the use of handhelds only, as officials can not easily figure out what phone functions are used simply by looking at the drivers. This can cause drivers to stop because they illegally use their device for calls when, in fact, they use the device legally, for example, when using a control that entered the phone for car stereo, GPS or satnav.
A 2010 study reviewed the incidence of telephone use while cycling and its impact on behavior and safety. In 2013, a national survey in the US reported the number of drivers reporting using their mobile phones to access the Internet when driving has risen to nearly one in four. A study conducted by the University of Vienna examines various approaches to reduce the use of inappropriate and problematic mobile phones, such as using a mobile phone while driving.
Accidents involving drivers impaired by phone calls have begun to be prosecuted due to negligence similar to speeding. In the United Kingdom, from February 27, 2007, riders who were caught using a mobile phone while driving will have three penalty points added to their license in addition to a £ 60 penalty. The increase was introduced to try to stem an increase in drivers who ignore the law. Japan prohibits all use of the phone while driving, including the use of hands-free devices. New Zealand has banned the use of mobile phones since November 1, 2009. Many states in the United States have banned text messages on mobile phones while driving. Illinois became the 17th United States to enforce this law. As of July 2010, 30 countries have banned SMS while driving, with Kentucky being the latest addition on July 15th.
Public Health Law research maintains a list of impaired driving laws in the United States. This legal database provides a comprehensive view of the provisions of the law restricting the use of mobile devices while driving to all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1992, when the first law was passed until 1 December 2010. This data set contains information on 22 variables dichotomies, continuous or categories including, for example, organized activities (eg, text versus talking, hands-free versus handheld, web browsing, gaming), targeted populations, and exceptions.
Legal
A "patent war" between Samsung and Apple started when the latter claimed that the original Android Galaxy S phone copied the interface? -? And maybe hardware? -? From Apple's iOS to iPhone 3GS. There are also patent licenses and patent litigation involving Sony Mobile, Google, Apple Inc., Samsung, Microsoft, Nokia, Motorola, HTC, Huawei, and ZTE, among others. Conflict is part of a wider "patent war" between multinational technology firms and software. To secure and increase market share, companies granted patents may demand to prevent competitors from using methods that include patents. Since 2010, the number of lawsuits, counter-claims, and trade complaints based on patents and designs in the market for smartphones, and smartphone OS-based devices such as Android and iOS, has increased significantly. Initial settings, countersuits, decisions, licensing agreements, and other major events began in 2009 as the smartphone market declared growth faster in 2012.
Medical
With the growing number of mobile medical applications on the market, government regulators raised concerns about the security of their use. These concerns are converted into regulatory initiatives around the world with the aim of protecting users from unreliable medical advice.
Security
Malware smartphones are easily distributed through unsafe app stores. Often, malware is hidden in pirated versions of legitimate apps, which are then distributed through third party app stores. The risk of malware also comes from what is known as an "update attack", where legitimate apps are then changed to include malware components, which users then install when they are notified that the app has been updated. In addition, one in three robberies in 2012 in the United States involves the theft of mobile phones. Online petitions encourage smart phone makers to install deadly switches on their devices. In 2014, Apple's "Find my iPhone" and "Android Device Manager" Google may disable and delete data from phones that have been lost or stolen. With BlackBerry Protect in OS version 10.3.2, the device can be rendered unrecoverable even to the BlackBerry Operating System recovery tool itself if incorrectly authenticated or separated from its account.
Leaked documents published by WikiLeaks, codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013-2016, details the ability of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to conduct electronic surveillance and cyber warfare, including the ability to compromise most smartphone operating systems (including iOS and Android ).
Sleep
Using a late night phone can disrupt sleep, because the brightly lit screen affects melatonin levels and sleep cycles. In an effort to address this problem, some apps that change the color temperature of the screen to warmer colors based on the time of day to reduce the amount of blue light generated for Android, while the similarly-installed iOS 9.3, a level-level functionality known as "Night Shift". Amazon released a feature known as "blue color" in Fire OS "Bellini" 5.0 and later. It has also been theorized that for some users, the use of their addicted cell phones, especially before they go to sleep, can lead to "depletion of the ego". Many people also use their phones as alarm clocks, which can also cause sleep loss.
camera Bokeh
Pocket cameras have difficulty producing bokeh in pictures, but nowadays, some smartphones have dual lens cameras that produce bokeh effects easily, and can even reset the bokeh level after shooting. The iPhone 7 Plus debuted with a dual-lens camera on the back of the smartphone. More advanced smartphones may come with a 'quad camera', or two dual-lens cameras like the Honor 9 Lite smartphone. The back and front of each smartphone has a 13MP main lens and a 2MP lens for capturing in-depth information. The Evercoss U50A Max smartphone has 4 cameras, and costs less than $ 100.
Terminology
"Phablet", the portmanteau of the words mobile and tablets , explains the smartphone with a bigger screen.
"Superphone" is also used by some companies to market mobile phones with very large screens and other expensive features.
"Ultra Premium" is the term used to identify smartphones that have the top line material.
See also
- Tablet
- Smartphones comparison
- List of mobile software distribution platforms
- Media Transfer Protocol
- Mobile broadband
- Mobile Internet Devices
- Portable media player
- Second screen
- Smartphone zombies
- E-reader
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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