The sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912, with 1503 lives, attracted much controversy that some alternative theories about drowning have gained support.
One version that the ship is sinking is actually Olympic , your near-identical brother of Titanic , which is the subject of a major insurance claim, and that two ships secretly switched before the voyage. Another is that the owner of Titanic, J.P. Morgan, wants to eliminate some of the leading bankers who oppose his plans for the establishment of the US central bank.
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Titanic hit an iceberg, leaving a hole in his right side long enough to flood his front compartment over the waterline. The ship then sank, causing about 1500 casualties.
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Olympic exchange theory
One of the most controversial and complex theories put forward by Robin Gardiner in his book, Titanic: The Ship That Never Sank? . In it, Gardiner refers to several events and coincidences that occurred in the moon, day, and hour before the sinking of the Titanic, and concluded that the sinking ship was actually a Titanic ship. Olympic , disguised as Titanic , as insurance fraud by its owner, International Mercantile Marine Group, is controlled by American investors JP Morgan who had acquired the White Star Line in 1902.
Olympic is a sister slightly older than Titanic , built next to the more famous ship but launched in October 1910. Its exterior profile is almost identical to Titanic >, save for small details such as number of peepholes in front deck C ships, window distance on deck B, and front of A deck promenade at Titanic having closed only a few weeks before it sailed on his ill-fated sailing voyage. Both ships were built with linoleum floor, but shortly before he was scheduled to sail J. Bruce Ismay, managing director of White Star Line, mysteriously booked the floor on board the Titanic.
On September 20, 1911, Olympic was involved in a collision with Royal Navy Warship HMSÃ, Hawke on the Brambles Channel at Southampton Water while under the command of a harbor pilot. The two vessels are close enough to each other that the Olympic is pulling the Hawke to its right rear right, causing extensive damage to the liner - both above and below the water line (HMS) Hawke equipped with 'ram' beneath the surface of the water, which was deliberately designed to cause maximum damage to enemy ships). The Admiralty's inquiry was assigned to blame Olympic , despite many opposite eyewitnesses.
Gardiner's theory plays a role in this historical context. Olympic is found to be blamed in a collision (which, according to Gardiner, has damaged the installation of a central turbine and bends the keel, giving the ship a bit of a permanent list to the port). Due to these findings, White Star insurer Lloyd's of London allegedly refused to pay the claim. White Star's flagship will also be out of action during extensive repairs, and the settlement date of Titanic ', which is too late because Olympic ' back to the page after he lost the blades of the blades, had to be postponed. All of this is a serious financial loss for the company. Gardiner proposes that, to ensure at least one ship will make money, the heavily damaged Olympic is patched and then converted to Titanic . The real Titanic when complete then will secretly enter service as Olympics .
The Titanic does have a list to port leaving Southampton. Inadequate cargo and bunker trimming will likely produce as such and the crew appears to have demonstrated a lack of ability on several occasions. A list to the port was recorded by several survivors of Titanic including Lawrence Beesley who wrote in his book on drowning: "I then called the attention of our table onto the Titanic road registered to the port ( I've noticed this before), and we watched the horizon through the peephole as we sat at the chaser table in the saloon. "(The window of the saloon meal is a two-row portholes covered in the inside with a leaded decorative glass display without a clear view of the outside.) This is repeated by the congratulations of Norman Chambers, who testified that after the collision: "However, there was then a little list to the right, with maybe a few degrees on the field, and since the ship had a list to the port most of the afternoon, I decided to stay awake.
Gardiner states that some parts of the vessel have names, in addition to an easily removable lifeboat, bells, a binnacle compass, and a name plate. Everything else is a standard White Star issue and can be exchanged between two ships, and other ships in the White Star fleet. While all other White Star Vessels have their names engraved into keel, the Titanic itself has a name that is glued on it. In recent photographs of junk depicting the place where two spiked plates that have been spelled Titanic fall, the MP's letters seem to be stamped into the hull.
The plan, Gardiner suggests, is to remove Olympic , which is thought to have been damaged beyond economic improvement in a way that allows White Star to collect the full value of a new ship. He thought that the sea birds had to be opened at sea to slowly flood the ship. If many ships were placed nearby to discharge passengers, the lack of lifeboats would not be a problem as the ship would sink slowly and the ships could make several trips to the savior.
Gardiner uses as proof of the length of the sea trials Titanic '. The experimental Olympic ' experiment in 1910 took two days, including some high speed, but the Titanic ' experiment was reported only lasts for a day, with (accusing Gardiner) not working more than half the speed. Gardiner says this is because the patched hull can not take long at high speed. Perhaps this is due to the fact that Titanic as an almost identical twin from Olympic is expected to handle the same, or perhaps the supervisor of the Council of Commerce is in the scheme.
Gardiner stated that on April 14, First Officer Murdoch (who was not yet officially in charge) was on the bridge because he was one of several high-ranking officers other than Captain Smith who knew about the plan and kept an eye on the rescue boat. One of Gardiner's most controversial statements is that the Titanic did not invade an iceberg, but an IMM rescue boat that floated in a station with a light switch off. Gardiner bases this hypothesis on the idea that the iceberg should have been seen at such short distances by the scouts at Titanic because it is actually a dark ship, and he also does not believe icebergs can cause such sustained and serious damage on a double hulled steel vessel like Titanic .
Gardiner further hypothesized that the ship affected by Titanic was seen by the Californian SS fired a rocket of distress, and this explains the perceived inaction of California traditionally considered unsuccessful to save the Titanic after seeing its marine rocket). The Gardiner hypothesis is that California , another IMM ship, does not expect a rocket but a meeting. The ice on the deck of the Titanic vessel is described by Gardiner as the ice from the ship's titanic vessels and the mysterious ship that he struck. As to the actual Titanic, Gardiner alleged that he spent 25 years in service as an Olympic and was canceled in 1935.
Researchers Bruce Beveridge and Steve Hall challenge many of Gardiner's claims in their book, Olympic and Titanic: The Truth Behind the Conspiracy . Author Mark Chirnside has also raised serious questions about the transitional theory.
Deliberately sink
Some conspiracy theorists believe that Titanic has sunk with the aim of eliminating opposition to the formation of the Federal Reserve Bank. Some of the richest people in the world are on the Titanic for his maiden voyage, some of which, including John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim, and Isidor Straus, allegedly oppose the creation of the US central bank. The three men died while drowning. Conspiracy theories suggest that J.P. Morgan, a 74-year-old legendary funder who founded an investment banking firm still in its name, arranged for people to board the ship and then drown it to eliminate them. Morgan, dubbed "Napoleon of Wall Street," has helped create General Electric, US Steel, and International Harvester, and is credited with virtually single-handedly rescuing the US banking system during Panic of 1907. Morgan does have a hand at the creation of the Federal Reserve, and is owned by International Mercantile Marine, owned by the White Star Line, and thus Titanic.
Morgan, who had attended the Titanic launch in 1911, had a private suite on board with his own private promenade deck and a bathtub equipped with specially designed cigar holders. He reportedly booked on a girls cruise ship but instead canceled the trip and remained at the French resort of Aix-les-Bains to enjoy a morning massage and sulfur bath. The sudden cancellation has sparked speculation among conspiracy theorists that he knows his fate.
Closed door
Another theory involves a waterproof door Titanic '. This theory indicates that if these doors have been opened, the Titanic will settle in a hull and therefore, may, remain long enough for the rescue boat to arrive. However, this theory seems far from reality for two reasons: first, there is no waterproof door between the first four compartments, so it is not possible to reduce the concentration of water in the arc significantly. Secondly, Bedford and Hacket have demonstrated by calculation that any significant amount of water from the boiler room is no. 4 will result in the circulation of the Titanic ship, which will occur about 30 minutes earlier than the actual time. drowning. In addition, the lighting will disappear about 70 minutes after a collision due to flooding the boiler room. Bedford and Hacket also analyze hypothetical cases that there is no insulation at all. Then, the ship will capsize about 70 minutes before the actual sinking time and the lighting will disappear about 40 minutes after the collision.
Then, in a 1998 documentary titled "Titanic: Secrets Revealed", Discovery Channel runs a model simulation that also refutes this theory. The simulation shows that opening the impermeable door Titanic ' will cause the boat to overturn earlier than the actual sink more than half an hour, confirming the findings of Bedford and Hacket..
Expansion equation theory
Titanic researchers continue to debate the causes and the separation mechanism of Titanic '. According to his book, A Night to Remember , Walter Lord described the Titanic as an assumption of a "really upright" position just before his final plunge. This view remained largely unmatched even after the discovery of shipwrecks by Robert Ballard in 1985 confirmed that the Titanic had split into two halves at or near the surface; paintings by renowned artist Ken Marschall and in the film James Cameron Titanic , both describe the ship reaching a steep angle before the breakup. Most researchers admit that Titanic ' after an expansion connection - designed to allow flexing the hull of a ship on a ship - played little or no role in the breakup of the ship, though the debate continues whether the ship it breaks from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
In 2005, the History Channel expedition to the carcass site examined two major sections of the Titanic ' s lun, which is the bottom of the vessel from just below the site of the break. With the help of naval architects Roger Long, the team analyzed the wreckage and developed a new farewell scenario published in Titanic's Last Moments: Missing Pieces documentary in 2006. One feature of this new theory is the claim that the angle Titanic ' at breaking time is much less than normally assumed - according to Long, no more than 11 Â °.
Long also suspects that the termination of the Titanic may be initiated by premature failure of the ship after the expansion connection, and ultimately exacerbates the loss of life by causing the Titanic to sink faster of the anticipated. In 2006, sponsored Channels dived on the sister ship Titanic ', Britannic , which verified that the design Britannic > ' s expansion connection is higher than that incorporated in Titanic . To further explore the theory of Long, History Channel commissioned a new computer simulation by JMS Engineering. The simulation, which results are featured in the 2007 documentary Titanic's Achilles Heel, partially denies Long's suspicion by pointing out that Titanic's expansion joints are strong enough to handle any and all. all the pressure that is expected to be experienced by the ship in service and, during sinking, completely outperforms their design specifications. But, most important is that the expansion joints are part of the superstructure, which is located above the power deck (deck-B) and therefore above the top of the structural hull girdle. Thus, the expansion connection has no meaning to support the hull. They do not play a role in breaking the stomach. They just open and part when the stomach is bent or cracked beneath them.
The Brad Matsen 2008 Titanic's Last Secrets confirms the expansion theory of expansion.
One common observation is the fact that the first collapse of the funnel at a relatively shallow angle occurs when the forward expansion joint, where several funnels pass, opens when the stomach begins to depress. Opening joints stretched and snapped nonetheless. Momentum to the front of the vessel when suddenly moving forward and downward sending unsupported funnel falling to the right bridge wing.
One theory that would support a gastric fracture is that Titanic is based in part on an ice shelf beneath the surface of the water when it collides with an iceberg, possibly damaging the hull and stomach. Then during the sinking, it appears that Boiler Room # 4 flooded from below the floor of the grates rather than from the top of the waterproof septum. This will be consistent with additional damage along the hull that sacrifices the integrity of the hull.
Fires in coal bunker
The fire began at one of Titanic's coal bunkers about 10 days before the departure of the ship, and continued to burn for several days to his voyage. Fires often occur in steamers because of the spontaneous combustion of coal. The fire should be extinguished with a fire hose, by moving the coal over to another bunker and by removing the burned coal and putting it in the furnace. This event has led some authors to theorize that fire exacerbates the effects of iceberg collisions, by reducing the structural integrity of the stomach and critical barriers. Senan Molony has suggested that attempts to extinguish the fire - by pouring embers into the furnace - may be the main reason for the Titanic steaming at full speed before the collision, despite the ice warning. Most experts, by contrast, disagree. Samuel Halpern, for example, has concluded that "bunker fire will not weaken the watertight bulk sufficient to cause it to collapse." Also, it has been suggested that coal bunker fire actually helps Titanic last longer during sinks and prevent the ship from rolling to the right after impact, due to the list of delicate ports made by coal movements inside the vessel before meeting with mount ice. Some of the leading Titanic experts have published a detailed rebuttal of Molony's claim.
See also
- Legends and myths about RMS Titanic
References
Bibliography
- Halpern, Samuel; Weeks, Charles (2011). "Description of Ship Damage". In Halpern, Samuel. Report to Missing SS Titanic : One-Year Reflect . Stroud, UK: The History Press. ISBN: 978-0-7524-6210-3.
External links
- Is there a fire on the ship Titanic ?, CBC News
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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