Internet Protocol television ( IPTV ) is the delivery of television content over the Internet Protocol (IP) network. This is in contrast to sending via terrestrial, satellite and traditional cable television formats. Unlike downloaded media, IPTV offers the ability to stream source media continuously. As a result, the client media player can start playing content (such as TV channels) immediately. This is known as streaming media.
Although IPTV uses Internet protocols are not limited to television streamed from the Internet, (Internet television). IPTV is widely used in customer-based telecommunication networks with high-speed access channels to end-user locations through set-top boxes or equipment where other subscribers. IPTV is also used for media delivery around corporate and private networks. IPTV in the telecommunications arena is renowned for its ongoing standardization process (for example, the European Telecommunication Standards Institute).
IPTV services can be classified into three main groups:
- Direct television and live media, with or without interactivity;
- Time-transferred media: e.g. TV catch-up (replaying a TV show broadcasted hours or days ago), new TV (replaying current TV show from the beginning);
- Video on demand (VOD): search and view items in the stored media catalog.
Video IPTV
Definisi
Historically, many different definitions of IPTV have emerged, including basic flow over IP networks, MPEG transporting streams over IP networks and proprietary systems. One official definition approved by the International Telecommunication Union focus group on IPTV (ITU-T FG IPTV) is:
IPTV is defined as multimedia services such as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over a managed IP-based network to provide the highest level of service quality and experience, security, interactivity and reliability.
Another definition of IPTV, in relation to the telecommunications industry, was awarded by Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) IPTV Exploratory Group in 2005:
IPTV is defined as safe and reliable delivery for entertainment video subscribers and related services. This service may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand (VOD), and Interactive TV (iTV). This service is delivered over a packet-access agnostic network that uses IP protocols to transport audio, video, and control signals. In contrast to video over the public Internet, with the deployment of IPTV, network security and performance are strictly managed to ensure a superior entertainment experience, resulting in an attractive business environment for content providers, advertisers, and customers.
Maps IPTV
History
The term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of the Sila Software by Judith Estrin and Bill Carrico. Please develop an Internet video product called IP/TV . IP/TV is a Windows-based and Unix compatible Mbone application that transmits single and multi-source audio and video traffic, from low quality to DVD, using both Unicast and Real-time IP Multicast Transport Protocol (RTP) and real-time controls protocol (RTCP). The software is written mainly by Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, and Cha Chee Kuan. Sila was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998. Cisco retains the IP/TV trademark.
Internet radio company AudioNet started the first continuous live web broadcast with content from WFAA-TV in January 1998 and KCTU-LP on January 10, 1998.
Kingston Communications, a regional telecommunications operator in the UK, launched Kingston Interactive Television (KIT), an IPTV service through digital subscriber line (DSL) in September 1999. The operator added an additional VoD service in October 2001 with Yes TV, a VoD content provider. Kingston is one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and VoD IP through ADSL as a commercial service. This service is a reference to various changes to UK Government's policies and regulations on IPTV. In 2006, KIT services were discontinued, customers decreased from peak 10,000 to 4,000.
In 1999, NBTel (now known as Bell Aliant) was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol via DSL in Canada using Alcatel 7350 DSLAM and middleware created by iMagic TV (owned by NBTel's parent company Bruncor). The service was marketed under the VibeVision brand in New Brunswick, and later expanded to Nova Scotia in early 2000 after the formation of Aliant. iMagic TV is then sold to Alcatel.
In 2002, SaskTel was second in Canada to commercially deploy Internet Protocol (IP) video via DSL, using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform.
In 2005, SureWest Communications was the first North American company to offer high definition television channels (HDTV) through IPTV services.
In 2005, Bredbandsbolaget launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in Sweden. In January 2009, they were not the biggest suppliers; TeliaSonera, which launched their service then now has more customers.
In 2007, TPG became the first internet service provider in Australia to launch IPTV. Complete this ADSL2 package, and still, free for customers with an eligible package and now offers over 45 free local channels to the air and international channels. In 2010, iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction with the internet plan but at an additional cost.
In 2008, PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited) launched IPTV under the brand name PTCL Smart TV in Pakistan. The service is available in 150 major cities in the country offering 140 live channels and over 500 titles for VOD with key features such as:
- EPG (electronic program guide)
- Parent Control
- Time-Shift Television
- VOD (video on demand)
In 2010, CenturyLink - after acquiring Embarq (2009) and Qwest (2010) - entered five US markets with an IPTV service called Prism. This is after successful test marketing in Florida. During the 2014 Winter Olympics, the shortest path (IEEE 802.1aq) was used to send 36 channels of HD Olympics IPTV.
In 2016, KCTV (Korean Central Television) introduced a set-top box called "Manbang" (meaning 'everywhere' or 'every direction'), claiming to provide video-on-demand services in North Korea via television quasi-internet protocol (IPTV). With "Manbang", viewers can watch five TV channels in real-time, find information related to Juche leader's and ideology activities, and read articles from Rodong Sinmun and Korea Central News (KCNA). According to KCTV, viewers can use the service not only in Pyongyang, but also in Sinuiju and Sariwon. Stating that the demands for equipment are "very" high in Sinuiju, with several hundred users in the region.
Appointments
This technology is hindered by low broadband penetration and with relatively high cabling costs capable of transporting IPTV content reliably at home customers. However, IPTV housing is expected to grow as broadband is available to more than 200 million households worldwide in 2005.
In December 2009, the FCC began searching using a set-top box to create TVs with cable or similar services into a network video player. FCC Media Bureau Chief Bill Lake has said earlier that TV and Internet will soon be the same, but only 75 percent of homes have computers, while 99 percent have TV. A survey of Nielsen 2009 found 99 percent of video impressions performed on TV.
Market
Residential
The number of global IPTV subscribers is expected to grow from 28 million in 2009 to 83 million by 2013. Europe and Asia are the leading regions in terms of overall subscribers. But in terms of service revenues, Europe and North America generate a larger share of global revenues, because of the very low average revenue per user (ARPU) in China and India, the fastest growth (and ultimately, the largest market) is Asia. Global IPTV market revenue is expected to grow from US $ 12 billion in 2009 to US $ 38 billion in 2013.
Services also launched in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Pakistan, Canada, Croatia, Lithuania, Moldova, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Mongolia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Netherlands, Georgia, Greece, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Czech Republic, Slovakia , Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Latvia, Turkey, Colombia, Chile, and Uzbekistan. The UK launched IPTV earlier and after a slow initial growth, in February 2009 BT announced that it had reached 398,000 subscribers for BT Vision services. Claro has launched their own IPTV service called "Claro TV". These services are available in several countries where they operate, such as the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua. New IPTV is beginning to grow in Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America, and is now growing in South Asian countries such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and India. but there are significant plans in countries like Russia. Kazakhstan introduced its own IPTV service by national provider Kazakhtelecom JSC and Alacast content integrator under the brand "iD TV" in two major cities of Astana and Almaty in 2009 and will start nationwide starting 2010. ISP Australia iiNet launches its first IPTV in Australia with fetchtv.
The first IPTV service launched in mainland China is sold under the brand "BesTV" and is currently available in the cities of Shanghai and Harbin. In India, IPTV is launched by Airtel and government service providers MTNL and BSNL in partnership with AKSH and is available in most major cities in the country. UF Group, which is the owner of a franchise for UFO films in South India, plans to offer several hosted services such as on-demand customer films, online shopping, video conferencing, media players, e-learning on a set of their top branded IPTVs as Emagine.
In Sri Lanka, IPTV was launched by Sri Lanka Telecom (operated by SLT VisionCom) in 2008, under the brand name PEO TV. This service is available nationwide.
In Pakistan, IPTV was launched by PTCL in 2008, under the brand name PTCL Smart TV. This service is available in 150 major cities in the country.
In the Philippines, PLDT offers IPTV Cignal services as add-ons in certain ADSLs and fiber optic plans.
In Malaysia, companies have been trying to launch IPTV services since 2005. Paid TV operators fail, MiTV is trying to use IPTV-over-UHF services but the service fails to run. Hypp.TV should use IPTV based systems, but it is not true IPTV because it does not provide a set-top box and requires users to view channels using a computer. The correct IPTV providers available in the country today are Fine TV and DETV. In Q2 2010, Telekom Malaysia launched IPTV services through their fiber to UniFi home products in certain areas. In April 2010, Astro began testing IPTV services at high-speed TIMC dotCom Berhad fiber to the home fiber optic network. In December 2010, Astro began piloting with customers in a high-rise condo building around the Mont Kiara area. In April 2011, Astro commercially rolled out its IPTV service under the "All the Only One You Need" tag line, a triple play offer along with TIME dotCom Berhad that provides all Astro programs via IPTV, along with voice telephony services and broadband Internet access all through the same fiber optic connection into the customer's home.
In Turkey, TTNET launched IPTV service under the name IPtivibu in 2010. This service is available in the pilot area in the cities of Istanbul ,? Zmir, and Ankara. In 2011, the IPTV service was launched as a large-scale commercial service and is widely available across the country under the trademark "Tivibu EV". Superonline plans to provide IPTV under a different name "WebTV" in 2011. TÃÆ'¼rk Telekom began to build a fiber optic substructure for IPTV by the end of 2007.
Commercial and corporate
IPTV has been widely used since about 2002 to distribute television and audio-visual (AV) media around businesses and commercial sites, either as a live TV channel or Video on Demand (VOD). Examples of types of commercial users include airports, schools, offices, hotels, and sports stadiums, just a few names.
Architecture
Element
- Head-end IPTV: where live TV channels and AV sources are encoded, encrypted, and sent in IP multicast.
- Video on Demand (VOD) Platform: where on-demand video assets are stored and presented as unicast IP streams when a user submits a request. The VOD platform can sometimes be found with, and is considered part of, the IPTV headend.
- Interactive portal: allows users to navigate in different IPTV services, such as the VOD catalog.
- Delivery networks: packet switched networks that carry IP packets (unicast and multicast).
- Endpoints: User tools that can request, decode, and send IPTV streams to be displayed to users. These can include computers and mobile devices as well as set-top boxes.
- Home TV Gates: home appliances of residential IPTV users that end the access link from the sending network.
- User set-top box: endpoint equipment that translates and decrypts the TV and VOD streams to display on the TV screen.
Video server network architecture
Depending on the network architecture of the service provider, there are two main types of video server architectures that can be considered for IPTV deployment: centralized and distributed.
The centralized architecture model is a relatively simple and manageable solution. Because all media content is stored on a centralized server, it does not require a comprehensive content distribution system. Centralized architecture is generally good for networks that provide relatively small deployment of VOD services, have adequate core and edge bandwidth and have an efficient content delivery network (CDN).
Distributed architecture is as scalable as a centralized model, but has the advantage of bandwidth usage and inherent system management features that are essential for managing larger server networks. Operators planning to use relatively large systems should consider implementing distributed architecture models early on. Distributed architecture requires intelligent and sophisticated content distribution technology to enhance effective delivery of multimedia content through service provider networks.
Residential IPTV home network
In many cases, a residential gateway that provides connectivity with an Internet access network is not located close to the IPTV set-top box. This scenario becomes very common as service providers start offering service packs with multiple set-top boxes per subscriber.
Network technology utilizing existing home wiring (such as power lines, telephone lines or coaxial cables) or wireless hardware has become a common solution to this problem, although fragmentation in the home network of wired homes has limited growth in this market.
In December 2008, ITU-T adopted the G.hn Recommendation (also known as G.9960), which is the next generation home network standard that determines general PHY/MACs that can operate over home wiring (power lines, telephone lines) or coaxial cable). During 2012 IEC will adopt prenorm for POF network at Gigabit speed. This pre-defined standard specifies a PHY that operates at an adjustable bit rate of between 100 Mbit/sec and 1 Gb/s depending on the link power budget.
Groups such as Multimedia through Coax Alliance, PowerPoint HomePlug Alliance, Alliance Home Network Alliance, and Quasar Alliance (Fiber Optic Plastics) each advocate their own technology.
Telecomms IMS Architecture
There is a growing standardization effort on the use of IP Multimedia Subsystem 3GPP (IMS) as an architecture to support IPTV services in telecommunication operator networks. Both ITU-T and ETSI work on so-called "IMS-based IPTV" standards (see eg ETSI TS 182 027). Operators will be able to offer voice and IPTV services through the same core infrastructure and service implementations that incorporate conventional TV services with phone features (eg caller ID on a TV screen) will be easy. Forum MultiService recently interoperated the IMS-based IPTV solution during the GMI event in 2008.
Protocol
IPTV includes both live broadcast (multicast) and stored video-on-demand/VoD (unicast). Playback requires a broadband device connected either to a fixed or wireless IP network in the form of a stand-alone personal computer or a limited embedded OS device such as a smartphone, touch-screen tablet, game console, connected TV, or a set-top box. Video compression is provided by H.263 or H.264 codecs, audio compressed through codecs based on MDCT and then encapsulated either in MPEG transport stream or RTP packet or Flash Video package for live stream or VoD. IP multicasting allows data to be sent directly to multiple receivers using a single multicast group address. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is commonly used for internet streaming via higher bit rate standards such as H.261 and H.263 which are more designed for ISDN video conferencing. H.262/MPEG-1/2 are generally not used because the bandwidth required is quite easy to saturate the network which is why they are only used in single-channel broadcast or storage applications.
In standard-based IPTV systems, the main basic protocols used are:
- Service provider-based stream:
- IGMP to subscribe to a live multicast stream (TV channel) and to convert from one multicast stream directly to another (TV channel changes). IP multicast operates within a LAN (including VLANs) and across the WAN as well. IP multicast is routed in the network core by the Independent Multicast Protocol (PIM), the correct distribution arrangement of multicast streams (TV channels) from source to customer who wants to see them, doubling the received packets as needed. Content on demand using negotiable unicast connections. The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) through the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or the lower flow of H.222 overhead over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is generally the preferred encapsulation method.
- Web-based only live and VoD:
- Adobe Flash Player prefers RTMP via TCP with settings and controls via AMF or XML or JSON transactions.
- Apple iOS uses adaptive HLS bitrate streaming over HTTP with setup and control via embedded M3U playlist files.
- Microsoft Silverlight uses streaming streaming (adaptive bitrate stream) over HTTP.
- Web-based live multicast and unicast VoD streaming:
- The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) recommends RTP through UDP or TCP transport with settings and controls using RTSP over TCP.
- Connected TV, game console, decoder and personal video recorder network:
- local network content uses UPnP AV to unicast via HTTP over TCP or to RTP direct multicast via UDP.
- Web-based content is provided through inline web plug-ins or television-based apps that use middleware languages ​​such as MHEG-5 that trigger events such as loading an inline Web browser using the Adobe Flash Player -in plug.
An IPTV service telecommunication company is usually delivered through a network of heavily walled investment parks.
Local IPTV, as used by businesses for AV visual audio distribution on their corporate networks is usually based on a mixture:
- Conventional TV reception equipment and IPTV encoder
- IPTV gateway that takes broadcast MPEG and IP channels wrap it to create multicast streams.
Via satellite
Although IPTV and conventional satellite TV distribution have been viewed as complementary technology, they are increasingly being used together in hybrid IPTV networks that provide the highest level of performance and reliability. IPTV is largely neutral to the transmission medium, and IP traffic is routinely carried by satellites for the Internet backbone network and the company's VSAT network. The use of satellites to carry IPs is essential to address the biggest disadvantages of IPTV over terrestrial cable - the speed/bandwidth of the connection, as well as availability.
Copper twisted pair cables that make up the last miles of telephones and broadband networks in many countries are unable to provide a sizable proportion of the population with IPTV services that match the distribution of terrestrial or satellite digital TVs. For a competitive multi-channel TV service, a connection speed of 20 Mbit/s may be required, but not available to most potential customers. The increasing popularity of high definition television (with twice the rate of SD video data) increases the connection speed requirements, or limits the quality of IPTV services and the feasibility of further connections.
However, satellite is capable of delivering more than 100 Gbit/s through multi-spot beam technology, making satellite a clear technology for implementing IPTV networks. Satellite distribution can be incorporated in the IPTV network architecture in several ways. The simplest to implement is the IPTV-direct to home architecture (DTH), where the broadband DVB-broadband set-top box at the customer's home integrates satellite and IP receipts to provide almost unlimited bandwidth with back channel capabilities. In such systems, many TV channels can directly multicast via satellite (IP-encapsulated or conventional digital DVB TV) with video-on-demand transmissions stored through a broadband connection. The Arqiva Satellite Media Solutions Division recommends "IPTV works best in hybrid format, for example, you will use broadband to receive some content and satellites to receive other, like live channels".
Hybrid IPTV
Hybrid IPTV refers to a combination of traditional TV broadcast services and video delivered over a managed IP network or the public Internet. This is an upward trend in both the consumer and pay-TV markets [operators].
Hybrid IPTV has grown in popularity in recent years as a result of two major drivers. Since the advent of online video aggregation sites, such as YouTube and Vimeo in the mid-2000s, traditional pay-TV operators have come under increasing pressure to give their customers the ability to watch Internet-based [professionally and user-generated] video on their televisions. At the same time, IP-based specialist operators [often providers of telecommunications] have been looking for ways to offer analog and digital terrestrial services for their operations, without adding any additional cost or complexity to their transmission operations. Bandwidth is a valuable asset for operators, so many are looking for alternative ways to deliver this new service without investing in additional network infrastructure.
The hybrid set-top allows content from multiple sources, including terrestrial broadcasts, satellites, and cables, to be brought along with videos delivered over the Internet through an Ethernet connection on the device. This allows television viewers to access more variety of content on their TV devices, without requiring separate boxes for each service.
The hybrid IPTV set-top box also allows users to access advanced interactive services, such as VOD/TV catch-up, as well as Internet applications, including video telephony, surveillance, games, shopping, e-government access via television sets.
From a pay-TV operator's perspective, hybrid IPTV set-tops give them greater long-term flexibility by enabling them to deploy new services and applications when and when consumers need, most often without the need to upgrade equipment or for a technician visit and reconfigure or replace device. This reduces the cost of launching new services, increasing speed to market and limiting interference to consumers.
Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) consortium of industrial companies is currently promoting and setting open European standards for hybrid set-top boxes for broadcast reception and broadband digital TV and multimedia applications with a single user interface. This trend leads to the development of Broadband Broadband Broadband set-top boxes that include broadcast tuners and Internet connections - typically an Ethernet port. The first commercial IPTV hybrid set-top was developed by Advanced Digital Broadcast, a developer of digital television hardware and software, in 2005. The platform was developed for Spanish pay-TV operator Telefonica and used as part of the Movistar TV service, launched to customers on end of 2005.
An alternative approach is the IPTV version of Headend in Sky cable TV solution. Here, some TV channels are distributed via satellite to the ISP or IPTV provider's attendance point (POP) for IP-encapsulated distribution to individual customers as required by each subscriber.
It can provide many channel options for customers without burdening Internet trunking to POP, and enables IPTV services to be offered to small or long distance carriers beyond the reach of high-speed broadband terrestrial connections. An example is a network that combines fiber and satellite distribution via the New Skies SES satellite from 95 channels to Latin America and the Caribbean, operated by IPTV America.
While future IPTV developments may lie in a number of existing architectures and implementations, it is clear that high bandwidth application broadcasting such as IPTV is achieved more efficiently and cost-effectively using satellites and it is estimated that the majority of global IPTV growth will be driven by hybrid networks.
Benefits
The Internet protocol based platform offers significant advantages, including the ability to integrate television with other IP-based services such as high speed Internet access and VoIP.
Enabling IP networks also enable the delivery of much more content and functionality. In a typical TV or satellite network, using broadcast video technology, all the content continues to flow downstream to each customer, and the customer diverts the content in the set-top box. Customers can choose from many options such as telecommunications companies, cables or satellites can incorporate into the "pipe" that flows into the home. Enabled IP networks work differently. Content stays on the network, and only content that customers choose delivered to the customer's home. It frees up bandwidth, and customer choice is less limited by the size of "pipe" into the house. It also implies that customer privacy can be compromised to a greater extent than is possible with traditional TV or satellite networks. It may also provide the means to hack, or at least interrupt (see Rejection of services) of private networks.
Economy
Cable industry expenditures of about $ 1 billion per year are based on network updates to accommodate higher data rates. Most operators use 2-3 channels to support maximum data rates of 50 Mbit/s up to 100 Mbit/s. However, since streaming video requires a high bit rate for a much longer period of time, spending on supporting high amounts of video traffic will be much greater. This phenomenon is called persistence. Data persistence is routinely 5% while video persistence can easily reach 50%. As video traffic continues to grow, this means that more downstream channels of CMTS will be needed to carry this video content. Based on the current market, it is likely that industry expenditures for CMTS expansion may exceed $ 2 billion per year, almost all of the expenditure is driven by video traffic. The adoption of IPTV to bring most of this traffic can save the industry about 75% of this capital expenditure.
Interactivity
The IP-based platform also allows significant opportunities to make TV viewing more interactive and personal. Suppliers can, for example, include an interactive program guide that allows viewers to search for content by title or actor name, or image-in-picture function that allows them to "funnel channels" without leaving the program they watch. Viewers may be able to search for player stats while watching sporting events, or control camera angles. They may also be able to access photos or music from their PCs on their televisions, using cordless phones to schedule recordings of their favorite shows, or even customize parental controls so their child can watch documentaries for school reports while they are away from home.
In order for interactions between the receiver and the transmitter to occur, a feedback channel is required. Therefore, terrestrial networks, satellites, and cables for television do not allow interactivity. However, interactivity with such networks can be made possible by combining TV networks with data networks such as the Internet or mobile communications networks.
Video on demand
IPTV technology brings video on demand (VoD) to television, enabling customers to browse online programs or movie catalogs, to watch footage and then choose selected recordings. The playout of the selected item starts almost instantly on the customer's TV or PC.
Technically, when a customer chooses a movie, a point-to-point unicast connection is set between the customer's decoder (set-top box or PC) and the streaming streaming server. Signaling for play trick functions (pause, slow motion, wind/back etc) is guaranteed by RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol).
The most common codecs used for VoD are MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and VC-1.
In an effort to avoid content piracy, VoD content is typically encrypted. While satellite and cable TV broadcast encryption is a long-standing practice, with IPTV technology can effectively be considered a form of Digital rights management. The selected movie, for example, can be played for 24 hours after payment, after which time it becomes unavailable.
IPTV-based convergence service
Another advantage is the opportunity for integration and convergence. This opportunity is strengthened when using IMS-based solutions. Convergence services imply an interaction of existing services in a seamless way to create new value-added services. One example is Caller ID on screen, get Caller ID on TV and ability to handle it (send to voice mail, etc.). IP-based services will help to enable consumers to provide access to content over their television, PC and mobile phones, and to integrate services and content to integrate them. In businesses and institutions, IPTV eliminates the need to run parallel infrastructure to provide live and stored video services.
Limitations
IPTV is sensitive to packet loss and delays if data streamed is unreliable. IPTV has a strict minimum speed requirement to facilitate the right number of frames per second to produce moving images. This means that the limited connection speed and bandwidth available to a large IPTV subscriber base can reduce the quality of the delivered service.
Although some countries have populations with very high speed broadband capabilities, such as South Korea with 6 million homes benefited from minimum connection speeds of 100 Mbit/s, in other countries (such as the UK) legacy networks are struggling to provide 3-5 Mbit/s and the simultaneous supply to home TV channels, VOIP and Internet access may not be feasible. The last mile shipment for IPTV typically has bandwidth restrictions that allow only a small number of streams of TV channels simultaneously - usually from one to three - to be delivered.
IPTV streaming across wireless links in the home has proven to be troublesome; not because of bandwidth limitations as many consider, but because of problems with multipath and reflection of RF signals carrying IP data packets. IPTV stream is sensitive to packets arriving at the right time and in the right order. Improvements in wireless technology are now beginning to provide equipment to solve problems.
Due to wireless limitations, most IPTV service providers today use wired home networking technologies instead of wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11. Service providers such as AT & amp; T (which uses a wired telephone network widely as part of AT & T's IPTV services) has expressed support for work undertaken in this direction by ITU-T, which has adopted Recommendation G. hn (also known as G.9960), which is the next generation home network standard that determines general PHY/MAC that can operate on top of home wiring (power lines, telephone lines or coaxial cables).
Latency
The latency inherent in the use of satellite Internet is often regarded as the reason why satellites are not used successfully for IPTV. In practice, however, latency is not an important factor for IPTV, since it is a service that does not require real-time transmission, as is the case with phone or video conferencing services.
This is the request response latency for changing channels, displaying EPGs, etc. What affects customer service quality most, and this problem affects satellite IPTV no more than terrestrial IPTV. The latency problem Command, faced by terrestrial IPTV networks with insufficient bandwidth as their subscriber base increases, can be solved by high satellite distribution capacity.
Satellite distribution does suffer latency - the time for a signal to travel from the hub to the satellite and back to the user is about 0.25 seconds, and can not be reduced. However, these delay effects are mitigated in real-life systems using data compression, TCP acceleration, and HTTP pre-retrieval.
Satellite latency can damage time-sensitive applications such as online games (although it only has serious impact on people like first-person shooters, while many MMOGs can operate well over satellite Internet), but IPTV is usually a simplex operation (one-way transmission ) and latency are not important factors for video transmission.
Existing video transmission systems from both analog and digital formats have introduced quantitative countable delays. Existing DVB TV channels broadcast by terrestrial and satellite transmissions experience the same 0.25second time difference between the two services with no adverse effects, and are overlooked by viewers.
Bandwidth requirements
Digital video is a combination of digital image sequences, and they consist of pixels or image elements. Each pixel has two values, namely luminance and chrominance. Luminance represents the intensity of pixels; Chrominance represents pixel color. Three bytes will be used to represent high quality color images for the correct color technique. The order of images is to create digital video, in this case, the picture is referred to as a frame.
Movies use 24 frames per second; however, the frame rate may change according to the regional electrical system so that there are different types of frame rates, for example, North America uses about 30 frames per second in which the European frame rate is 25 frames per second. Each digital video has dimensions of width and height; when called analog television, the dimension for SDTV is 720ÃÆ' â € "480 pixels, on the other hand, many HDTVs require 1920ÃÆ'â €" 1080 pixels. In addition, while for SDTV, two bytes (16 bits) is enough to create color depth, HDTV requires three bytes (24 bits) to create color depth.
Thus, with a rate of 30 frames/sec, the uncompressed data rate for SDTV becomes 30ÃÆ' â € "720ÃÆ' â €" 480ÃÆ'â € "16, in other words, 147.456.000 bits per second. In addition, for HDTV, at the same frame rate, the compressed date rate becomes 30ÃÆ'â € "1920ÃÆ' â €" 1080â € "24 or 1,492,992,000 bits per second. With simple calculations, it is clear that without using the lossy compression method of service delivery service providers to the limited customer.
There is no absolute answer for the bandwidth requirement for IPTV services because the bandwidth requirements are increasing due to devices in the household. Thus, the compressed HDTV content can now be transmitted at data rates between 8 and 10 Mbit/s, but if the consumer house is equipped with multiple HDTV outputs, this level will be multiplied respectively.
High speed data transfer will increase the bandwidth required for viewers, at least 2 Mbit/s is required to use web-based applications on the computer. In addition, 64 kbit/s is required to use landline phones for property. In minimal use, to receive triple-play IPTV service requires 13 Mbit/s for processing in the household.
Privacy implications
Due to bandwidth limitations, IPTV channels are delivered to users one at a time, compared to traditional multiplex delivery. Changing a channel requires asking the head-end server to provide different stream streams, such as VOD (For VOD, streams are sent using unicast, for multicast TV signals used). This can allow the service provider to accurately track every watch program and watch duration for each viewer; broadcasters and advertisers can then understand their audience and programming better with accurate data and targeted ads.
In conjunction with regulatory differences between IPTV and cable TV, this tracking may pose a threat to privacy according to critics. For IP multicast scenarios, because certain multicast groups (TV channels) need to be prompted before they can be seen, the same privacy issue applies.
Vendor
A small number of companies provide the latest IPTV systems. Some, such as Movistar TV, are formed by their own telecom operators, to minimize external costs, tactics that are also used by PCCW from Hong Kong. Some major telecom vendors are also active in this space, especially Alcatel-Lucent (sometimes working with Movistar TV), Sri Lanka Telecom, Ericsson (mainly due to acquisition of Tandberg Television), NEC, Accenture (Accenture Video Solution), Thomson, Huawei, and ZTE, like some IT houses, led by Microsoft. Usttarcom is based in California, Inc., Tennessee based Worley Consulting, Tokyo-based New Media Group, TV Based in Malaysia and SnapTV Oslo/Norway also offers an end-to-end network infrastructure for IPTV-based services, and BNS Ltd. based in Hong Kong provides open turn IPTV technology platform solutions. Global sales of IPTV systems exceeded 2 billion USD in 2007.
Hospitality IPTV Ltd, after establishing many closed network IPTV systems, expanded in 2013 to an OTT delivery platform for markets in New Zealand, Australia and the Asia Pacific region.
Google Fiber offers IPTV services in various US cities that include up to 1 Gigabit internet speed and over 290 channels of dependent packets through fiber optic networks under construction in Kansas City Kansas and Kansas City Missouri.
Many of these IPTV solution vendors participate in a bi-annual Global MSF Interoperability 2008 (GMI) event coordinated by the MultiService Forum (MSF) in five locations worldwide from 20 to 31 October 2008. Test equipment vendors include Netrounds, Codenomicon, Empirix, Ixia, Mu Dynamics and Spirent join the solution vendors such as the listed companies in one of the largest IPTV proof sites ever used.
bundling Service
For residential users, IPTV is often provided along with video on demand and can be bundled with Internet services such as Internet access and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telecommunication services. The commercial grouping of IPTV, VoIP and Internet access is sometimes referred to in marketing as a triple play service. When all three are offered with cellular services, the merged service can be called a quadruple game.
Rule
Historically, television broadcasts have been arranged differently from telecommunications. Because IPTV allows TV and VoD to be transmitted over IP networks, new regulatory issues arise. Professor Eli M. Noam highlights in his report "TV or Not TV: Three Screens, One Rule?" some key challenges with sector-specific regulation are becoming obsolete due to convergence in this area.
See also
- Comparison between OTT and IPTV
- Comparison of streaming media systems
- Video service comparison
- Content delivery network
- Internet television
- List of music streaming services
- List of streaming media systems
- P2PTV
- Broadcast Protection and Broadcasting Agreement Organizations
- SAT & gt; IP
- Software as a service
- Streaming media
- Gateway TV
- Web television
- Webcast
References
External links
- Ars Technica: Introduction to IPTV
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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