Wedding Prince William and Catherine Middleton took place on April 29, 2011 at Westminster Abbey in London, England. The bride, Prince William, is the second in line of the succession of the British throne. The bride, Catherine Middleton, has been his girlfriend since 2004.
The Westminster Dean, John Hall, presided over the service; Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, wedding; Richard Chartres, Bishop of London, preached sermons; and the reading was given by the bride's brother, James. William's best man is his brother, Prince Harry, while the bride's sister, Pippa, is a bridesmaid. The ceremony was attended by the families of the bride and groom, as well as members of the foreign royal dynasty, diplomats, and private guests the couple chose. After the ceremony, the couple made a traditional appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. Since Prince William is not the heir to the throne, the marriage is not a full state event and many details are submitted to the couple to decide, as most of the guest list is around 1,900.
Prince William and Kate Middleton met in 2001. Their engagement on October 20, 2010 was announced on November 16, 2010. The addition to the wedding and the occasion itself attracted much media attention, compared in many respects to the 1981 marriage of William's parents. The event is a public holiday in the UK and features many aspects of the ceremony, including the use of carriages and the country's role for House Keepers and House Cavalry. Events are held around the Commonwealth to mark weddings; organizations and hotels held events in Canada, more than 5,000 street parties were held throughout the United Kingdom, and one million people lined the Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace. The ceremony is screened live by tens of millions of people worldwide, including 72 million live streams on YouTube. In the UK, television viewers peaked at 26.3 million viewers, with a total of 36.7 million watching sections of coverage.
Video Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
An engagement announcement
In 2001, Middleton and Prince William met while studying at St Andrews University. They started dating in 2003.
On November 16, 2010, Clarence House stated that Prince William would marry Catherine Middleton "in Spring or Summer of 2011, in London". They got engaged in October 2010, during a private vacation in Kenya; Prince William gave Middleton the same engagement ring his father gave to William's mother, Diana, Princess of Wales - an 18 karat white gold ring with 12 carats of sapphire Ceylon (Sri Lanka) oval and 14 round diamonds. It was announced at almost the same time, after their marriage, the couple will stay on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, where Prince William is headquartered with the Royal Air Force.
Queen Seon Deok said she was "really happy" for the couple, giving official approval for the marriage, as required by the Royal Marriages Act 1772 being revoked, in the UK private council on the morning of the engagement. Congratulations also came from the prime minister of the Queen, including Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, who at other times showed a moderate tendency of the republic. The suffragan bishop of Willesden, Pete Broadbent, who also has a republican view, published a critical reaction to the marriage announcement on Facebook. He later admitted that his words were "offensive" and later apologized, but his superiors, Richard Chartres, Bishop London, instructed him to withdraw from public service "until further notice".
Following the announcement, the couple gave an exclusive interview to ITV News political editor Tom Bradby and held a photo shoot session at St James's Palace. On December 12, 2010, Buckingham Palace issued photos of the official engagement; this was taken on November 25, in a state apartment at St. James, by photographer Mario Testino.
On November 23, 2010, the date of the ceremony was confirmed as Friday, April 29, 2011. The Queen in her British Council ordered on December 15, 2010 that the wedding day will be a public holiday throughout the UK. It is also stated as an official holiday in the British Overseas Territories of Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos, and British Crown Dependencies Guernsey, Jersey and Isle of Man. When April 29th fell six days before the election for the Scottish Parliament and the Alternative Vote referendum, this attracted political commentary. John Curtice, a political professor at Strathclyde University, declared for Scottish elections that the date was "unprofitable" and "likely to see the Royal Family caught in a political debate".
Maps Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton
Planning
- Note: All times in Summer Time (UTC 01: 00)
On January 5, St. James publishes that the ceremony will begin at 11:00 local time and that the bride will arrive at the monastery by car rather than by train (the latter is traditional transportation for the royal bride). The planned route is along The Mall, via the Horse Guard Parade, and down the Whitehall to the monastery. Previously, motorists were warned about using roads in central London on the day of the wedding, including by Transport for London, which issued travel advice for road closures.
Cost
The cost of the wedding itself is borne by the Royal Family and Middletons alone, while the cost of security and transportation is covered by the British treasury of His Royal Highness. The couple also requested donations given to charities instead of traditional wedding gifts; for that purpose, they founded The Prince William and the Charity Prize Fund of Miss Catherine Middleton, which focused on charitable aid such as New Zealand's Christchurch Earthquake Appeal, Coast Guard Guards Canada, Royal Flying Doctor Service, and Zoological Society of London.
The overall price of the event is reportedly Ã, Â £ 23.7 million. The Australian newspaper Herald Sun estimates A $ 32 million for security and A $ 800,000 for interest. Estimated costs for additional national holiday economies, such as those permitted for marriage, vary between Ã, Â £ 1.2 billion and Ã, Â £ 6 billion. British government tourist authority, VisitBritain, estimates marriage will trigger a tourist boom that will last for several years, eventually attracting an additional 4 million visitors and generating Ã, Â £ 2 billion. However, the head of the study and the VisitBritain forecast, David Edwards, suggested to colleagues two days after the engagement was announced that evidence suggests royal marriages had a negative impact on tourism entry. He noted that the number of visitors to the UK dropped significantly in July 1981, when Prince Charles and Diana married, from the same period in other years, and also July 1986, when Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson married, down from July. 1985.
Guest list
On February 16 and 17, three sets of guest lists were sent on behalf of the Queen. Many guests (or their successors at the office) who were invited to Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer's wedding were not invited to William's wedding. The first list, consisting of about 1,900 people, attended the ceremony at the monastery; a second list of about 600 people was invited to a lunch reception at Buckingham Palace, organized by the Queen; and the last list, about 300 names, is for dinner hosted by the Prince of Wales.
More than half of the guests attending the wedding itself are the family and friends of the couple, although there are a large number of Commonwealth leaders (including the governor-general representing the Queen in the Commonwealth kingdom other than England, the prime minister of Commonwealth of Nature, and other Commonwealth state heads) , members of religious organizations, diplomatic corps, some military officers, members of the Royal Household, members of a foreign royal family, and representatives of William's charity and others with whom William has worked in official business. Although St James's Palace refuses to publish the names of those invited, the guest details are published by category; the list does not mention the head of a foreign country. Cardinal Brady's SeÃÆ'¡n Invitation, Primate of All Ireland, for the occasion, and his acceptance, was described as "unprecedented" by a spokesman for the Irish Catholic bishop. The spokesman linked an invitation to Cardinal Brady's contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process.
Route
The route of the groom and party to the ceremony takes place between Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey, by The Mall, passing Clarence House, by Horse Guards Road, Horse Guards Parade, through Horse Guards Arch, Whitehall, south side of Parliament Square, and Sanctuary. After the ceremony, the couple return on the same route as the train.
At 6:00 am, roads in and around the process route were closed for traffic. From 8:15 am, the main congregation, the governor-general, the prime minister of the Commonwealth kingdom, and diplomats, all arrived at the monastery. Prince William and Harry, who had stayed at Clarence House, left for the ceremony at 10:10 am in Bentley Country Limousine and arrived at 10:18 am, followed by representatives of foreign royal families, the Middleton family, and, lastly, Royal Family (Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall; Royal Daughter and Rear Admiral Timothy Laurence; Duke of York; Princess Beatrice; and Princess Eugenie; and Earl and Countess of Wessex). The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh are the last members of the Royal Family to leave Buckingham Palace, like tradition, arriving at the monastery for 10:48 am. The bridal party, who spent the night at the Goring Hotel, went for a ceremony in Rolls-Royce Phantom VI's number one state at 10:52 am, in time for service starting at 11:00 am.
The service finished at 12:15 pm, after which the newly married couple went to Buckingham Palace in a procession of other Royal Family members, groom's parents and bride, and the best man and bridesmaid. At 1.25 pm, the couple appeared on the balcony of Buckingham Palace to watch an Avro Lancaster bomber, a Spitfire Supermarine fighter, and Hawker Hurricane fighter from Battle of Britain Memorial Flight, followed by two Typhoons from RAF Coningsby. and two Tornado GR4 from RAF Leuchars in a flat diamond formation.
Ceremony
Venue
Westminster Abbey, founded in 960 AD, has a certain status and is known as Royal Peculiar. Although the monastery has been a traditional site for coronations since 1066, it was not until the twentieth century whether the church became the church of choice for royal marriage; Prior to 1918, most of the royal marriages took place in the royal chapel, such as the Royal Chapel at St. James's Palace and St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. The monastery, which has the usual seating capacity of 2000, has been home to most royal weddings in the last century, including William's grandparents (now Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip) in 1947, daughter William, Princess Margaret in 1960, cousin William first twice moved Princess Alexandra in 1963, William's uncle, Princess Anne in 1973, and William's uncle, Prince Andrew in 1986. A prominent decorative addition inside the monastery for the ceremony was a path from a 20-foot-tall tree, six maple fields and two hornbeams, arranged on both sides of the main hall.
Bridal Party
In a break with the royal tradition, the groom has the best man - his brother, Prince Harry - rather than a supporter, while the bride chooses his sister, Pippa, as a companion. There are four bridesmaids and two boys pages: Lady Louise Windsor, seven-year-old daughter of Earl and Countess of Wessex; Margarita Armstrong-Jones, Viscount's eight-year-old daughter and Viscountess Linley; Grace van Cutsem, the three-year-old daughter of the couple's friend Hugh van Cutsem; Eliza Lopes, a three-year-old granddaughter of the Duchess of Cornwall; William Lowther-Pinkerton, the son of William's ten-year-old private secretary, Maj. Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton; and Tom Pettifer, Prince William's eight-year-old son and former nanny Harry, "Tiggy" Pettifer.
Bridal outfits
Bride
The wedding dress, designed by London-based designer Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen, is made of satin and features lace-coated lace corsets and appliqued skirts. Corset lace made of factory-made lace, which is sourced from factories in France and England. Flower motifs are cut from this length and then applied by hand to a silk net (tulle) by workers from the Royal School of Needlework. The hijab was held in place by Cartier Scroll Tiara, created in 1936 and loaned to him by the Queen. It was purchased by Queen's father, the future of King George VI, for his wife, Elizabeth, three weeks before his accession. Elizabeth's daughter (now Queen Elizabeth II) received a tiara from her mother on her 18th birthday. To avoid a falling tiara, as happened to Lady Diana Spencer while wearing the Spencer family tiara during her marriage in 1981 with the Prince of Wales, Catherine's stylist "covered the top of her hair" to create the foundation for the tiara. to sit around, then do a little wicker in the middle and sew it. "
For the traditional wedding theme "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue", Middleton dress has a promise of lace ("old"), diamond earrings given by his parents ("new"), tiara Ratu ( which is "borrowed"), and the blue ribbon is sewn into the corset ("blue"). The shoes are also from Alexander McQueen and have a lace pattern that matches the dress with the appliques made by the Royal School of Needlework.
Shell-shaped bridal bouquet, designed by Derek Connolly, contains myrtle, Lily of the Valley, Sweet William, and water hyacinth.
Middleton hair styled with loose curls for the show by hairstyler James Pryce from Richard Ward Salon. She received personalized make-up lessons from Arabella Preston and the bridal party received "artistic makeup makeup" from makeup artist Bobbi Brown Hannah Martin before the event, but Middleton finally did her own makeup for the event. The display was described as a "soft smokey eye" with pink lips and cheeks. Her nails were painted by Marina Sandoval's manicure in a mixture of two poles: "hardly pink" and "sheer thin" to complement the color of her skin and dress.
Bridesmaid
Maid-of-honor Pippa Middleton is also wearing a dress by Sarah Burton from Alexander McQueen. It has been described as being made of a "heavy, ivory-based satin crepe, with a cowl front and with the same button detail and lace trims as a Wedding dress." Like his sister, he received "artistic makeup help" from makeup artist Bobbi Brown, Hannah Martin, but it was not clear who really wore her makeup for the wedding day. Her hair was half-parceled, half-naked by Richard Ward Salon with a deep side and a vine-made hairpiece and a lily in the valley to match Catherine's bouquet.
The young bridesmaids wore a dress designed by Nicki Macfarlane, made with the help of Macfarlane's daughter, Charlotte, at their home in Wiltshire and Kent. The dresses echo the wedding dress and are made with the same cloth and buttons on the back. They are portrayed as having "ballerina-length, full, box skirt-pleats" and hands finished with Cluny English lace. Their ivy and lily-of-the-valley flower arrangements were influenced by the headdress of Catherine Carole's mother at her marriage in 1981 to Michael Middleton.
All the bridesmaids wear Mary Jane satin shoes with Swarovski crystal buckles designed by the Devon-based Rainbow Club. Their flowers are designed and made by Shane Connolly and imitated the flowers in Catherine's bouquet: lily-of-the-valley, sweet William, and hyacinth.
The pageboys' outfit was designed by Kashket and Partners in the style worn by a "Foot Guard officer during the District (1820s)" with a badge from the Irish Guard, Colonel Prince William. The tunics are red with gold piping and have Irish shamrock on the collar. The Pages wore golden and red sashes (with fringes) around their waists, like a tradition for officers in Irish Guards when in the presence of a member of the Royal Family.
Best groom and guy
Prince William wore a Guard of Honor Order uniform attached to a Guard of Honor Order with a forage hat instead of a bear leather hat. As an Air Force lieutenant serving a naval base who also holds the rank of captain and commander of the Navy equivalent to the Royal Navy in the Blues and Royals, William may choose to wear the uniform of each rank of this junior officer. However, since he had been appointed colonel of Irish Guards on February 10, 2011, he chose to wear the full uniform uniform of the regiment. As Knight of the Order of the Garter, she wears a star of the order and the blue rib, which is attached to her RAF wing and the Jubilee Gold Medal. William does not wear a sword in church.
Prince Harry wore the captain's uniform of The Blues and Royals, with a forage hat. He wears aiguillettes, a cross belt and a gold waist belt with a sword sling, but no sword. He wears Army Air Corps wings and a Golden Jubilee and Afghan Campaign medal.
Designer Russell Kashket works with the Princes to address their concerns with clothing. One concern is the heat of Abbey, so designers use special materials to absorb heat while still achieving the desired look. Furthermore, military apparel uniforms usually do not have bags, but the palace requested that some sort of compartment be added to Harry's clothes so that Catherine's wedding ring would not be lost.
Wedding service
The order of services chosen by the bride and groom is a form of Series One which is almost identical to the Prayer Book of 1928. The Westminster Dean, John Hall, commissioned most of the service, along with Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, as a celebrant and Richard Chartres, Bishop of London, preached sermon. It has long been a tradition for the Archbishop of Canterbury, the most senior Church bishop in England, to lead the wedding ceremonies of British kings and kings of the future. Chartres is a close friend of the Prince of Wales and affirms Prince William and Kate Middleton.
The service started with Queen's procession, Prince Philip and the clergy. Shortly after, Middleton arrived with a companion party and junior aides. When the choir sang "I am happy", a national anthem by Sir Hubert Parry compiled in 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VI, the bride made a three-and-a-half minute procession through the middle and choir on his father's arm. , to meet Prince William. The service continued with the official service and singing congregation of three famous hymns, fanfares, anthems, orchestral organs and music.
In a marriage vow, the couple promises to "love, comfort, respect, and guard" each other. It is sealed by a single ring exchange.
The lesson read by the bridegroom, James Middleton, comes from the Letter to Romans (Chapters 12, verses 1-2 and 9-18) and is an advice for living a virtuous and peaceful life.
The sermon, preached by the Bishop of London, begins with a quote from Catherine of Siena whose feast day it is. The bishop urges the couple to live selflessly, each remembering the needs of one another and trying to change one another with love rather than seeking to reform. He ended the sermon with a prayer prepared by the couple himself:
God our Father, we thank our family; for the love we share and for the joy of our marriage.
In everyday busyness, our eyes are on what is real and important in life and helps us to be generous with our time, love, and energy. Powered by our union helps us serve and comfort those who suffer. We ask this in the Spirit of Jesus Christ. Amen.
The service continued with prayers and urges by the dean and the archbishop. The new choir song is composed by choir. After register signing, William and Catherine walked down the hall, pausing for bowing and bowing to the Queen. They were followed in a procession by other members of the bridal party, and their families, who joined the door by two youngest flower girls.
When leaving Westminster Abbey, headed for the bells, they passed the guardianship of men and women who were individually elected from various services, and were greeted by cheers from the crowd. The bridal couple entered the State Landau 1902 which was pulled by four white horses with guard posthops and pedestrians, and guarded by guards attached by the Guardian of Life. The same open car brings the rest of the wedding party, controlled by The Blues and Royals. The Queen and other members of the Royal Family followed the bus pulled by the Queen's horse Cleveland Bay, and in state cars.
Music
Two choirs, one orchestra and a fanfare ensemble played music for the service. This is the Westminster Abbey Choir, the Royal Choir Chapel, the London Chamber Orchestra, and the hustle and bustle of the Central Band of Royal Air Force. The choir was directed by James O'Donnell, organ and Master of the Choristers in Westminster Abbey. The monastic sub-organ, Robert Quinney, plays the organ. Organist, master choir and composer at Chapel Royal is Andrew Gant. The London Chamber Orchestra is performed by Christopher Warren-Green, who is the lead music director and conductor. Fanfares are performed under the direction of Wing Commander Duncan Stubbs.
The bride is processed in an alley towards the national anthem "I Was Glad", written by Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, of Psalm 122. The book was arranged for the coronation of Prince William, grandfather, Edward VII, at Westminster Abbey in 1902.
Three hymns of the congregation are sung during the service. The first is "Guide me, O Thou Great Redeemer" sung for the song "Cwm Rhondda". The song, originally written in Welsh by an 18th-century Methodist minister, William Williams, was sung at Diana's funeral, Princess of Wales. Words for their second hymn, "Love Divine, All Loves Excelling", written by Charles Wesley and his tone - Blaenwern - compiled by William Penfro Rowlands, during 1904-1905 Welsh Revival. The hymn was sung at the Prince of Wales marriage in 2005 to the Duchess of Cornwall. The third hymn is "Jerusalem", based on poetry by William Blake and arranged for music by Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry.
The choir composition featured in this service is Parry's Blend Pair of Sirens (an ode arrangement by John Milton) during signing the register, Paul Mealor's Ubi Caritas et Amor as a special motet and anthem, "This is the day which God has made "consists of words chosen from the Psalms, by John Rutter.
Fusion ensemble fanfare Composition Commander Wing Duncan Stubbs himself, Valiant and Brave , was performed when the royal couple signed the marriage list. Preux et audacieux (translated from French as "Valiant and Brave") is the slogan of the 22 Squadron, in which Prince William serves as a search and rescue pilot at RAF Valley in North Wales. The joy that led to the recessive music, the "Crown Imperial" orchestra march by William Walton, composed for the coronation of George VI and also performed on the marriage of Charles and Diana.
The music played before the service included two instrumental by Sir Peter Maxwell Davies ("Veni Creator Spiritus" and "Farewell to Stromness") and with J.S. Bach, Benjamin Britten, Frederick Delius, Edward Elgar, Gerald Finzi, Charles Villiers Stanford, Ralph Vaughan Williams, and Percy Whitlock.
The bells in Westminster Abbey ring full when newly married couples and guests leave the church. Ten bells rang echoes called "Spliced ​​Royal Surprise", which consisted of 5,040 changes, which took more than three hours to complete. They were rung by volunteers from Westminster Abbey Company of Ringers, under the direction of David Hilling.
Wedding ring
Catherine's wedding rings are made of Welsh gold. The ring was created by the holder of the Royal Warrant of Wartski, a company with roots in Bangor, Gwynedd, north Wales. Since 1923, it has become a tradition in the Royal Family to use Welsh gold for wedding rings. This ring is made of small amounts of gold deposited in the royal dome since it was presented to Queen Elizabeth II. It is mined from the Cloau Gold Mine in the mountains of North Wales. The Cloau Gold Mine had its heyday in the late nineteenth century, abandoned in the early twentieth century, reopened in 1992 and finally closed in 1998. The Queen has "given a piece of gold that has been in the family for years to Prince William as a gift, "said the court source. Prince William chose not to accept the wedding ring at the ceremony.
Title when married
On the morning of the wedding, it was announced that William would be created the Duke of Cambridge, the Earl of Strathearn, and the Baron Carrickfergus, with Catherine being the Venerable Yang Duchess of Cambridge after marriage. This is in line with the practice of giving a title to marriage to a royal prince who does not yet have it (for example, Prince Andrew was created Duke of York when he married in 1986). Strathearn is close to St Andrews, Fife, in Scotland, where the couple meet as students, and Carrickfergus is in Northern Ireland. Combined with an existing titular relationship with Wales, William's collective title links him to each of the four countries in England.
Family celebration
The Queen held a lunch reception at Buckingham Palace, beginning after the arrival of a married couple train. It was a private meeting for guests drawn from the hearing representing the couple's personal and personal life. During the reception, in which the Official Harpist for the Prince of Wales, Claire Jones, performed, the couple appeared on the balcony at the front of the east (main) Buckingham Palace, where they shared a kiss. Jones plays a gold leaf harp known as "Prince of Wales" presented to Prince Charles in 2006 by the Italian-American harp maker Salvi Harps.
At 3:35 pm, William drove his new wife back to the Mall for a short distance to Clarence House, his London residence. The car, blue, two-seat Aston Martin DB6 Volante (MkII convertible) that has been given to Prince Charles by the Queen as a 21st birthday present, decorated in a newlywed style by men and best friends; license plate back reads "JU5T WED". The Prince has been transformed into a skirt captain of the Blues and Royals skirts also made by Kashket; his wife is still wearing her wedding dress. In a surprise hosted by RAF Wattisham, the car was overshadowed by a yellow Sea King helicopter flying RAF Ensign from its winch cable, marking William's service as a pilot with RAF Search and Rescue Force.
In the evenings, the Prince of Wales provides a private dinner, followed by dancing, at Buckingham Palace for couples and close friends and their families. For the evening reception, the Duchess of Cambridge wears a ropeless gown by Sarah Burton who "features a circle skirt and diamante detail". She also wore a white shoulder and let her hair fall out. Singer and songwriter Ellie Goulding performed at the event, singing "Your Song" for the couple's first dance. The singer also performed her hit song "Starry Eyed" for the gathering guests. The event ended at 3 am, with a small firework show in the courtyard of the palace.
The wedding cake has a strong British flower theme, using the technical element of Joseph Lambeth. It is a traditional eight-level fruit cake decorated with sugar paste flowers. Fiona Cairns cake designer based in Fleckney, Leicestershire was chosen in February 2011 to make a wedding cake. In addition, McVitie's made a groom's cake from a chocolate biscuit for a reception at Buckingham Palace. The chocolate biscuit cookies are made from Royal Family recipes and are specifically requested by Prince William.
The wedding bouquet was returned to Westminster Abbey and placed on Tomb of The Unknown Warrior by a royal official, after the photographs were taken. It follows a tradition initiated by Prince William's great-grandmother, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, after her marriage to the Duke of York in 1923. Official portrait was taken by Hugo Burnand at Buckingham Palace after the ceremony.
General celebration
Official merchandise, coins and stamps
Prince William and Catherine Middleton personally approve various official Chinese (including handmade dishes, cups, and pill boxes) to be made for the Royal Collection and sold as souvenirs from December 2010 at. The items are adorned with the initials of the couple under the prince and include the words "To celebrate the marriage of Prince William of Wales and Catherine Middleton 29 April 2011." Lord Chamberlain's office approved a longer list of memorabilia, including official mugs, plates, biscuit tins, and porcelain pill pots. The document also clarifies the use of the symbol of William's hand and photographs of the couple on such items. Initially, the Palace refused to give permission for the official tea towel, which, along with aprons, T-shirts and pillows, was considered, "in bad taste". However, the restrictions on tea towels, although not other items, are then reversed. Merchandising sales are expected to reach Ã, Â £ 44 million.
To mark the engagement of William and Catherine, the Royal Mint produced the official engagement coin of Alderney Ã,  £ 5, showing the pair in the profile, as well as the official coin  £ 5 UK for the wedding. Royal Australian Mint issued a series of billable circulations and coins designed by Stuart Devlin. The Royal Canadian Mint released a series of coins and the Post Canada issued a stamp, approved by Clarence House, to commemorate the wedding. On April 21st, a remembrance set, featuring photos of the couple's official engagement, was issued by the Royal Mail.
Broadcasting
The marriage was broadcast on television, internet and radio, in more than 180 countries. ITV, BBC, and CNN covered related ceremonies and events directly through a collection of recordings from BBC, Sky, and ITN to help cover the overall cost. In North America, which is five to nine hours behind British Summer Time, weddings occur during the time normally taken by network breakfast television programs, which extend their normal length to allow full coverage. NBC's Today started coverage at 4 am Eastern Time, and along with MSNBC, partnered with ITV. ABC partnered with the BBC, CBS has direct affiliates of London, and Fox and Fox News Channel partnered with their sister network, Sky News. CBC and CTV have live coverage. Cable and radio networks also have live coverage. In Mexico, the wedding was aired on Televisa and Azteca TV; all the television stations in Mexico that carry the ceremony remain in the air during the late hours of the night, instead of usually out. ABC also took BBC feed in Australia, in addition to UKTV pay TV channels. Coverage is also provided on Network Seven, Nine Networks and Ten Networks. ABC had planned to produce alternative comments with The Chaser, but in response to this plan, the BBC banned the use of its recordings for such purposes, on orders from Clarence House. Royal marriage is also broadcast live online on YouTube through Royal Royal Channel's official channel.
The April 2011 poll of 2,000 UK adults found that 35% of the public intends to watch a wedding on television while the same proportion is planned to ignore the event altogether. According to their reported plans, women were more than twice as likely (47%) to watch the show as men (23%). Initial estimates after the ceremony showed around 24.5 million people in the UK watched marriage on BBC One or ITV, giving the channel 99.4% share of terrestrial television viewers when the service started, with the royal Live BBC web site having 9 million hits, estimating more of half the UK population witnessed the wedding.
The numbers to watch the show have been the subject of much speculation, with Culture Minister Jeremy Hunt estimating that 2 billion people will be watching the wedding. After the event, this figure was actually reported by the media, but was criticized by some news outlets for being inaccurate and unfounded. Estimated figures include a peak audience of 26.3 million viewers and a total of 36.7 million watching at least some part of the UK wedding coverage, while in the United States, weddings attracted an average audience of 22.8 million, with over 60 million tunings in some point to watch some coverage. In India, 42.1 million viewers were included, 9.9 million viewers in Germany, 9.6 million viewers in France, 5.22 million viewers watched events in Canada with 12 million tunes at some point, five million in Australia, and one million is expected in China, for a viewership of 122 million to 176 million viewers, drawn from a total population of 3.126 billion (about 45% of the world's population). The other figures reported place a global audience in 162 million viewers. In addition to television viewers, the ceremony attracted 72 million live streams and 101 million streams on YouTube in 188 countries. With 72 million streams, the wedding has been registered in the 2012 Guinness Book of World Records for the "Most Live Streams for a Single Event" record, beating Michael Michael's funeral in 2009. He has said that the number "two billion" exaggerated, and that there are too many gaps in TV measurement systems around the world to accurately audit global audience figures.
TV pickup
In the UK, the National Grid reported a large surge in demand for power after service, equivalent to one million boiled kettles, when the royal couple returned to Buckingham Palace. Wedding audiences were recorded by the use of electricity in Ontario, where, at the time of Middleton's forecast arriving at Westminster Abbey, the Independent Electrical Systems Operator recorded a 300 megawatt drop in electricity, attributed to "people going on their normal morning routine." [stop] whatever they do, rather than make breakfast or shower, and watch TV ".
Public response
There are about 5,500 applications for royal wedding parties across England and Wales, including 850 in London, one of which is hosted by Prime Minister David Cameron in Downing Street for local charities and children. Republican anti-monarchy campaign groups had an alternative street party at Holborn. The event was initially blocked by the Camden Council after the business raised concerns about the loss of trade.
A number of ceremonies and parties are held in places that have intimate relationship with the couple. In Scotland, about 2,000 people attended a party at St Andrews University, where the royal couple first met. Hundreds of people watched the ceremony on the big screen at Edinburgh's Festival Square. The Welsh festival is led by Anglesey, where Prince William is a search and rescue pilot and where the couple will stay after the wedding. 2,600 people gathered to watch the show on the big screen there, and about 200 street parties are held across the state, including over 50 in Cardiff.
The international Peace Bridge across the Niagara River between the United States and Canada in Buffalo, New York, and Fort Erie, Ontario, and partially operated by the Ontario Crown company, is lit up in red, blue and gold, the top royal colors.
Criticism and skepticism stem from the belief that, in times of recession and rising unemployment in Britain, millions of pounds in tax funds are used for marital security. The cost of the wedding itself is paid by the Royal Family and Middletons. Emma Boon, campaign director for the Taxpayer Taxpayer Alliance, expressed his displeasure over the cost of luxury wedding and noted, "Of course it should be an event for the whole nation to celebrate, but ordinary taxpayers should not be left with a bill fit for a king." Graham Smith, the current Republican Campaign Manager, also talks about taxpayer responsibility for marriage.
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In March 2011, William and Catherine prepared a prize fund organized by the Prince William Foundation and Prince Harry to allow investigators who wanted to give them a wedding gift to donate money to the charity they were involved with, combining armed forces, children, parents, art, sport and conservation..
The fund supports a total of 26 organizations named:
Tributes outside Commonwealth
In the United States, the Empire State Building in New York City is lit up in red, white, and blue, the colors of the Union Flag at sunset on April 29 to mark the wedding.
Police
The marriage has become a threat of violence and disturbance. In February, security agencies, including MI5, identified "irrelevant Irish republic groups" as possible threats. The Muslim Group Against the Crusades left a planned protest. The British Defense League has vowed to stage a counter-demonstration and pledge 50 to 100 EDL members at every central London railway station to block Muslim extremists in "steel rings".
Operation and security capture
Sixty people were arrested at a TUC rally in March because Alternatives had a security condition that prevented them from entering central London during the wedding period.
On April 28, 2011, political activist Chris Knight and two others were arrested by Scotland Yard "on suspicion of a conspiracy causing public disruption and breach of peace". All three planned an artificial execution of Prince Andrew with a homemade guillotine in central London to coincide with the wedding. Guillotine is workable, but does not have a knife.
On the day of marriage, the Metropolitan Police Department made a "pre-emptive" movement, applied a stop-and-seek quilt force and arrested 52 people, including 13 people arrested at Charing Cross station in possession of anti-monarchy plaques and "climbing equipment". Five people, three of whom wore make-up zombies, were arrested "on suspicion of plotting a breach of peace" when they entered the Starbucks branch. At a peaceful protest at Soho Square, a man was arrested by plainclothes police. Chief Inspector John Dale claims "He has an article about him to cause criminal damage". The police described the security operation as a whole as a "tremendous success".
In Scotland, twenty-one people were arrested at an unofficial "street party" in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow, who saw "a totally unacceptable hangover rate", according to Strathclyde Police. A taxi driver died on May 10 because of injuries he suffered while his ship was struck by a police van attending the Kelvingrove incident.
Honeymoon
Despite reports that the couple would be leaving for their honeymoon the day after their wedding, Prince William soon returned to his job as a search and rescue pilot, and the couple did not depart until May 9, ten days after their marriage. The location of the honeymoon was originally kept secret. Although the press speculated that they might head to locations such as South America, Jordan and Kenya, the couple finally decided to honeymoon for 10 days in a secluded villa on a private island in the Seychelles. On the morning of May 21, a spokesman for St. Palace. James announced that the couple had returned to England. The honeymoon length is limited by RAF William's duties and the couple's official tour dates to Canada and the United States.
References
External links
- The official website of Royal Wedding 2011 for Prince William and Kate Middleton
- Official Wedding Program - available in PDF, iBook, or Flash
- The Royal Wedding 2011 at EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica
- Full coverage of Prince William and Catherine Middleton weddings on YouTube
- Royal Wedding Information from Metropolitan Police
- Royal Wedding Information from Royal Parks
- Royal Wedding Information from Visit London
- Kate and William: After the Wedding - slideshow by Life magazine
- Local media coverage: BBC, Guardian, ITN, The Telegraph
- Foreign media coverage: CNN (United States), CTV (Canada)
- "Rising for royal wedding" The Big Picture. The Boston Globe . April 27, 2011.
- "The Royal Wedding" The Big Picture. The Boston Globe . April 29, 2011.
- Records of interviews with Prince William and Catherine Middleton after the engagement announcement
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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