Because of the uncertain nature of alternative therapies and the various claims made by different practitioners, alternative medicine has been the source of heated debate, even above the definition of "alternative medicine". Food supplements, their ingredients, security, and claims, are a source of continuing controversy. In some cases, political problems, mainstream medicine and alternative treatments all collide, as in cases where legal synthetic drugs but herbal sources of the same active chemicals are prohibited.
In other cases, mainstream drug controversy causes questions about the nature of treatment, such as fluoridation of water. Alternative medicine and mainstream drug debates may also spread to religious freedom discussions, such as the right to refuse life-saving treatment for children because of religious beliefs. Government regulators continue to seek regulatory balance.
Different jurisdictions about which alternative legal branches are regulated, and which (if any) are provided by government-controlled health services or replaced by private health insurance companies. The United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - article 34 ( certain legal obligations ) of General Comments. 14 (2000) on the Right to the highest attainable standard of health - states it
In addition, the obligation to respect includes the obligation of States to refrain from prohibiting or inhibiting traditional preventive care, healing and medicinal practices, from unsafe drug marketing and from the application of coercive medical treatment, except on an exceptional basis for the treatment of mental illness or prevention and control of infectious diseases.
The specific implementation of this article is submitted to member countries. Two governments, acting under the laws of their respective countries, maintain websites for public information making the distinction between "alternative medicine" and "complementary medicine". In North America, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (part of the US Department of Health and Human Services) states:
- "... people often use alternate" alternate "and" complementary "alternately, but the two terms refer to different concepts: 'Complement' generally refers to the use of a non-mainstream approach along with drugs conventional 'Alternative' refers to the use of a non-mainstream approach instead of conventional medicines.Correct alternative medicine is uncommon.Most people use a non-mainstream approach in conjunction with conventional treatment.And the boundary between complementary and conventional medicine overlaps and changes Over time, for example, guided imagery and massage, both considered as complementary or alternative, are used regularly in some hospitals to aid pain management. "[7]
In the British Isles, NHS National Health Service (UK) The NHS option (owned by the Department of Health) states:
- "While 'complementary and alternative' is often used as a category, it can be useful to make the difference between complementary and alternative medicine.This difference is about two different ways of using this treatment. "Treatment is sometimes used to provide a pleasurable experience itself.This may include the shared use of conventional treatments, to help patients cope with health conditions.When used in this way treatment is not intended as an alternative to conventional medicine.The US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) says that the use of treatments in this way may be called 'complementary medicine', and treatment is sometimes used as a substitute for conventional medicine, with the aim of treating or curing health conditions NCCIH says that the use of treatments in this way can be called 'alternative medicine'. There can be overlap between these two categories. For example, aromatherapy can sometimes be used as a complementary treatment, and in other circumstances used as an alternative treatment, complementary and alternative treatments are usually used with the aim of treating or curing con disi kesehatan.Contohnya include: homeopath y, acupuncture, osteopathy, chiropractic, herbal medicine. "[8]
Video Regulation of alternative medicine
Evidence and Benefits
As alternative medicine becomes more available in the Western world, and increasingly incorporated into conventional healthcare systems, there is a demand for science-based evidence to verify the efficacy of this treatment. In alternative medicine settings, policy-makers rely heavily on biomedical approaches to evidence, such as randomized clinical trials (RCTs), which have been adopted as a 'gold standard' to assess the effectiveness of all medications and medical practice. While no doubt a useful scientific analysis tool, RCT, in its reductionist nature, can present difficulties in assessing drugs that fall outside the biomedical framework. RCT, which measures only a small number of symptoms and effects, reduces the complexity involved in the healing system of some alternative medicines, such as in homeopathy. In addition, what constitutes 'evidence' can vary greatly, ranging from biomedical objectives to establishing concrete statistical results in accordance with scientific criteria for a more holistic approach that examines the effects it has on the patient's overall life experience, including social, cultural factors , and physical. To get a more accurate picture of the true efficacy of alternative medicine, it is necessary to challenge the definition of mainstream and biomedical 'evidence' and to move beyond the exclusive use of RCT in obtaining this evidence. It may therefore be useful to consider incorporating other forms of research, such as qualitative and ethnographic studies, in the setting of alternative medicines. The Formal Case Study (FCS), a qualitative and systematic research technique, has also been suggested as a viable compromise between biomedical and anthropological approaches in researching alternative medicine.
Maps Regulation of alternative medicine
United States
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration's online warning for consumers about drug health fraud includes sections on Alternative Drug Fraud, such as warnings that Ayurvedic products are not generally approved by the FDA before being marketed.
A number of supporters of alternative medicine do not agree with the restrictions of government agencies that consent to medical treatment. In the United States, for example, critics say that the Food and Drug Administration criteria for experimental evaluation methods deter those seeking to provide effective and effective care and approaches to the public, and that their contributions and findings are unjustly dismissed, ignored or suppressed. Alternative medicine providers recognize that health fraud occurs, and argue that it should be handled appropriately when it does, but that this restriction should not extend to what they see as legitimate health care products.
Texas
In the state of Texas, doctors may be protected in part from allegations of unprofessional behavior or failure to practice medicine in an acceptable way, and thus from disciplinary action, when they prescribe complementary alternative medicine, if the council's specific practice requirements are met and the therapy used does not show "a security risk for patients that is unreasonably greater than conventional treatment for a patient's medical condition."
New Zealand
In New Zealand, alternative drug products are classified as food products, so no applicable rules or safety standards exist.
Australia
In Australia, this topic is referred to as complementary and the Therapeutic Goods Administration has issued various guidelines and standards. The Australian regulatory guidelines for complementary medicine (ARGCM) require that pesticides, fumigants, toxic metals, microbial toxins, radionuclides, and microbial contamination present in herbs should be monitored, even if the guidelines do not require evidence of the properties this. However, for herbal materials in pharmacopoeial monographs, detailed information should be given to the relevant authorities
The production of modern medicines is strictly regulated to ensure that medicines contain a number of standard active ingredients and are free from contamination. Alternative drug products are not subject to the same government quality control standards, and consistency between doses may vary. This leads to uncertainties in the chemical content and biological activity of the individual dose. Lack of supervision means that alternative health products are vulnerable to counterfeiting and contamination. This problem is magnified by international trade, because different countries have different types and levels of regulation. This can make it difficult for consumers to properly evaluate the risk and quality of the products provided.
Denmark
In Denmark, herbal and dietary supplements are the designations of various products, which share their status as drugs included in the Danish Drug Act. In the Danish Drug Act there are four types of herbal and dietary supplements: Herbal medicine products, strong vitamins and minerals, traditional botanical medicinal products and homeopathic drug products. Some dietary supplements fall into the category of specialty products, which are different from those mentioned above because they do not have an official drug product. Food supplements are organized under the Food Act and registered by the Danish Food and Veterinary Administration.
Alternative therapist
Denmark has a registration system for alternative therapist practitioners, RAB.
Switzerland
The Swiss Federal Constitution stipulates that the Confederation and Cantonese will, within their sphere of power, ensure that consideration is given to complementary medicine.
United Kingdom
Security, quality, and efficacy are the only criteria under which British law is established to control human medicines. Regulations of medicines and medical devices, to ensure they work and are safely accepted, are the responsibility of the Drug Regulatory Body and Health Care Products. The legal status of drugs is determined by the 1968 Drug Act and the Council of Europe Regulation 2001/83/EC which controls the sale and supply of medicines. The legal status of a drug product is part of a marketing authorization that allows products to be available by prescription (referred to as Drugs Only Recipes), or at a pharmacy without a prescription under the supervision of a pharmacist, or on a public sale and sold in a general retail outlet without a supervisor pharmacist.
There are 12 organizations in the UK known as health and social health regulators. Each organization oversees one or more of the health and social care professions by organizing professional individuals throughout the UK. The General Medical Council is one of these, for medical practitioners who are as registered and licensed physicians to train under the 1983 Medical Act. The board for other practitioners includes the General Chiropractic Council under the Chiropractors Act 1994 and the General Osteopathic Council under the Osteopaths Act 1993.
See also
Homeopathic regulation and prevalence
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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